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OPHTHALMOLOGY > ERRORS OF REFRACTION > Flashcards

ERRORS OF REFRACTION Flashcards

1
Q

AMETROPIA

A

refractive error

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2
Q

Eyeglasses

A

the safest and simplest way to correct a refractive error

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3
Q

high index lenses

A

reduce the lens thickness and weight and are useful in correcting high refractive errors and provide comfort and better cosmetic appearance

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4
Q

safety glasses or eye protectors

A

recommended for those who are involved in certain sports and hazardous activities

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5
Q

shatterproof eyeglasses

A

they are recommended for those who have good vision in only one eye

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6
Q

polycarbonate plastic

A

material of choice when ocular protection is the foremost consideration in making glasses as it is more impact resistant than plastic or hardened glass

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7
Q

ambylopia

A

lazy eye

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8
Q

sulfonamides

A

is a medication that causes the ciliary processes to swell and also the forward movement of the lens

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9
Q

uncorrected hyperopia

A

frequently associated with accommodative esotropia

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10
Q

concave lenses

A

the type of lenses for myopic eyes

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11
Q

convex lenses

A

the type of lenses for hyperopic eyes

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12
Q

refractive surgeries

A

range of procedures that is aimed at changing the refraction of the eye by altering the cornea or lens

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13
Q

hypermetropia up to 4D, astigmatism up to 4D and myopia up to 12D

A

the range that LASIK surgery can correct

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14
Q

250um

A

the residual bed that should remain after LASIK surgery to avoid ectasia

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15
Q

ectasia

A

the bulging and thinning of the cornea

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16
Q

lasik

A

the laser beam would reshape the cornea after opening a flap

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17
Q

photorefractive keratectomy

A

the epithelial cells are removed with laser, which is the superficial corneal layer to the Bowman’s layer

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18
Q

clear lens exchange

A

replace the natural lens of the eye with an introcular lens implant

19
Q

phakic posterior chamber implant

A

implantable contact lens is implanted behind the iris and in front of the lens

20
Q

-3D to -20.5D

A

the range that phakic posterior chamber implant can correct

21
Q

59 diopters

A

the total refractive power of the eye

22
Q

1.40

A

the refractive power of the lens

23
Q

1.38

A

the refractive power of the cornea

24
Q

myopia

A

the eyeball is too long

25
Q

myopia

A

the image is focused in front of the retina

26
Q

hyperopia

A

the eyeball is short

27
Q

hyperopia

A

the image is focused at the back of the retina

28
Q

astigmatism

A

there is an irregular curvature of the eyeball

29
Q

presbyopia

A

there is a loss of accommodation of the lens due to it being hardened

30
Q

more than -6 diopters

A

meaning of high myopia in which the axial length is usually greater than 26 mm

31
Q

pathological or degenerative myopia

A

progressive anteroposterior elongation of the scleral envelop associated with range of secondary ocular changes

32
Q

Amblyopia

A

Is the unilateral, or rarely bilateral, decrease in best
corrected visual acuity (VA) caused by form vision deprivation and/or abnormal binocular interaction, for which there is no identifiable pathology of the eye or visual pathway.

33
Q

Strabismic amblyopia

A

results from abnormal binocular interaction where there is continued monocular suppression of the deviating eye.

34
Q

Anisometropic amblyopia

A

is caused by a difference in refractive error between the eyes and may result from a difference of as little as 1 dioptre. it is frequently associated with microstrabismus and may co-exist with strabismic amblyopia

35
Q

Stimulus deprivation amblyopia

A

Results from vision deprivation. It may be unilateral or bilateral and is typically caused by opacities in the media (e.g. cataract) or ptosis that covers the pupil.

36
Q

Bilateral ametropic amblyopia

A

Results from high symmetrical refractive errors, usually hypermetropia.

37
Q

Meridional amblyopia

A

Results from image blur in one meridian. It can be unilateral or bilateral and is caused by uncorrected astigmatism (usually >1 D) persisting beyond the period
of emmetropization in early childhood.

38
Q

crowding phenomenon

A

The phenomenon where VA in amblyopia is usually better when reading single letters than letters in a row.

39
Q

A difference in best-corrected VA of two Snellen lines or more (or >1 log unit)

A

Is indicative of amblyopia.

40
Q

7–8 years

A

The sensitive period during which the acuity of an amblyopic eye can be improved is usually up to ___ years in strabismic amblyopia

41
Q

occlusion of the normal eye

A

most effective treatment for amblyopia

42
Q

6 months

A

how long should occlusion of the normal eye as treatment take

43
Q

penalization

A

the vision of the normal eye is blurred with atropine and works best with mild-moderate amblyopia

OPHTHALMOLOGY (3 decks)

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