Errors and Memory

Question 1

What are the two kinds of errors?

Answer 1

Slips and Mistakes
SLIP-when a person plans to do one thing, but then inadvertently does something else.
-Errors of action
-Omit a necessary action or confuse two similar things
MISTAKE-when a person plans to do the wrong thing, and is successful.
-Errors of thought
-To have an overly simplistic understanding of weather, which could lead to inexperienced pilots being put into situations they are not prepared for

Question 2

What are steps to reduce errors?

Answer 2

DR CULT
DEVELOPING routines use standardized procedures, flows, ect
RAISING awareness beware of “out of the ordinary” situations, changing conditions, unfamiliar airport, ect
CHECK for errors you should be actively looking for errors
USING reminders checklists, heading bugs, altitude alerts, ect
LEARNING and practicing higher knowledge and skill leads to lower frequency and magnitude of error
TAKING time and don’t rush performing at a faster or unfamiliar pace can increase the likelihood of error

Question 3

What are the types of Memory?

Answer 3

SSL
SENSORY receives input from the five senses, processes quickly
SHORT TERM (working) received from sensory register, remains or fades depending on individual’s priorities
LONG TERM where information is stored for future use (recall)

Question 4

What are the types of forgetting?

Answer 4

RIFRS
RETRIEVAL FAILURE Simply the inability to retrieve information
INTERFERENCE people forget because new experiences overshadow prior experiences
FADING a person will forget if the information is not used over time
REPRESSION people unconsciously forget unpleasant feeling from a negative experience
SUPPRESSION similar to repression, except that suppression is a conscious form of forgetting

Question 5

How is Learning Retained?

Answer 5

MR LAMP
MEANINGFUL repetition aids recall practice and repetition provide
opportunity for better retention
RECALL is prompted by association info associated with something to be
learned
LEARNING with all the senses is most effective use all senses for a greater
understanding and recall
Favorable ATTITUDES aid retention people learn and remember only what
they wish to know
MNEMONICS
PRAISE stimulates recall responses which give a pleasurable return tend to
be repeated

Question 6

What are Mnemonics?

Answer 6

A pattern of letters, ideas, visual images, or associations to assist in remembering information

AARC
Acronyms
Acrostics
Rhymes
Chaining

Question 7

What is Transfer of Learning?

Answer 7

Positive Transfer - past knowledge supports/assists new learning.

Negative Transfer - past knowledge confuses/detracts from new learning