ERP RADIOLOGICAL OPS Add 4

Question 1

A person can be exposed to a hazardous material such as radiological material through four routes of entry:

Answer 1

Inhalation
Ingestion
Absorption
Penetration/Injection.
Sec 1.2.1

Question 2

Our bunker gear with SCBA donned can protect us from what type of radiation ?

Answer 2

ALPHA!!
It is an Inhalation Hazard
Sec Table 1

Question 3

What type of Radiation can penetrate skin up to a 1/4 “ ?

Answer 3

BETA!!

Sec Table 1

Question 4

What can shield us from GAMMA particles ?

Answer 4

Several inches of:
• Lead
• Concrete
• Steel
Foot of dirt or water
Sec Table 1

Question 5

What can shield us from Alpha particles ?

Answer 5

Intact skin
Inches of air
Sheet of paper
Sec Table 1

Question 6

What can shield us from Beta particles ?

Answer 6

Approximately 1 inch:
• Plastic
• Aluminum
• Glass
Sec Table 1

Question 7

A member person operating in an environment with the meter reading 50 mR/hr will receive a dose
of 50 mR if operating for 1 hour in that environment, or 25 mR if operating for ½ hour,
the duration of one SCBA bottle.
Agree or Disagree

Answer 7

Agree!!

Sec 1.4

Question 8

Rad 50 measures rate or dose ?

Answer 8

Rate (Dose-Rate)
• How fast the radiation energy is deposited, e.g. MPH – speedometer reading
• Measured in microRem/hr (μR/hr), milliRem/hr (mR/hr), or Rem/hr
Sec 1.4.2

Question 9

Normal background radiation rate for the NYC area is

Answer 9

0.02 mR/hr to 0.05 mR/hr (20 μR/hr to 50
μR/hr).
Sec 2

Question 10

Unit must carry the Rad50 when:

Answer 10

• Out of quarters
• Performing AFID
• Responding to Complaints
• During the assessment of emergencies and fires
Sec 2.1

Question 11

A Radiological Incident encompasses a situation where radiological meter readings are

Answer 11

Above background from a ** legitimate source** and the source has not been released from its
container.
The source may also be a naturally emitting source. Readings must be confirmed by a second meter to establish the situation as a Radiological Incident.
Sec 2.2

Question 12

How is a Radiological Incident Handled ? 5 steps

Answer 12

Managing a Radiological Incident
A. Confirm initial readings with a second meter
B. Determine the location of the radioactive source
C. Verify that the situation involves a legitimate source, which has not been released from its container
D. Transmit the appropriate 10-80 code
E. Zero out and don dosimeter ( specifies also for emergency sec 4.4)
Sec 2.2.2

Question 13

Special Call a Haz-Mat Tech Unit to respond with other radiological metering
devices for events involving legitimate sources emitting When ??

Answer 13

Radiation levels greater than the Rad50 can detect.
For example, a package shipped according to DOT
guidelines can emit radiation levels as high as 200 mR/hr at the surface of the
package
Sec 2.2.2

Question 14

A Radiological Emergency involves a source that is What ??
Readings must be confirmed by a second meter to establish the situation as a Radiological Emergency. Transmit the appropriate 10-80 code and specify “For a
Radiological Emergency.”

Answer 14

Out of its container, either
accidentally or intentionally. A Radiological Emergency also encompasses a situation
where radiological meter readings are above what is expected for a specific location.
Sec 2.3

Question 15

What is a RID ? What is the greatest danger ?

Answer 15

RID – Radiological Incendiary Device
• Radiological material involved in an intentionally set fire, also called “dirty fire”
• This type of an attack is used to delay First Responders
• The greatest dangers is from the expanding fire
• Expect contamination with potential internal and external exposures
Sec 2.3.2

Question 16

Initial operations for victim rescue and fire suppression should not be impeded for rates in what range ?

Answer 16

mR/hr range

Sec 3.1.2

Question 17

FDNY’s Protective Action Guidelines (PAGs) If the Decision dose is 50, 25, 10, 5 REM What is the Emergency Activity Performed for each Dose ?

Answer 17

50 Rem Lifesaving for a Catastrophic Event
25 Rem Lifesaving or Protection of Large Populations
10 Rem Protection of Major Property
5 Rem General Operations at a Radiological Emergency
Sec 3.1.4

Question 18

Because radiation fallout from an IND does not occur for approximately _______
after the detonation, units responding to an IND should not
enter the area of the detonation for at least ________

Answer 18

15 minutes, 15 minutes post-detonation

Sec 3.1.4

Question 19

Levels of radiation decline exponentially as distance from the source
increases. If the distance from the radiological source is doubled, the
rate will drop to ¼ its original rate
An example to show you understand… Use 100r/hr as the source and you are now 4 feet away. What is the rate ?

Answer 19

6 R/hr!!!

100 R/hr——->25 R/hr——>6 R/hr——>2 mR/hr
1 foot————>2 feet——–>4 feet——->64 feet
Sec 3.2.2

Question 20

What is the most effective way to shield first responders from air borne radioactive particles while operating in the Hot and Warm Zones ??

Answer 20

Shielding!!
Wear the appropriate PPE, especially respiratory protection.
Sec 3.2.2

Question 21

Upon confirmation of a release from a radiological dispersal device or radiological incendiary device, units in the surrounding boroughs should

Answer 21

immediately begin to monitor their response area for any changes in the levels of background radiation using the Rad Documentation forms
Sec 3.2.4

Question 22

What must members don besides full bunker gear and SCBA when at radiological emergency ?

Answer 22

Each member must don a dosimeter when operating at a Radiological Emergency
Sec 3.2.2

Question 23

What is the appropriate 10 code for a Radiological Incident ?

Answer 23

10-80 No Code or Code 1

Sec 4.3

Question 24

Prior to operating at a Radiological Emergency, units should:

Answer 24

• Don the appropriate PPE
• Use full respiratory protection
• Bring APR with adapter
• Zero out and Don Dosimeter
• Monitor the incident with radiological metering equipment such as RadAlert50( 50mr/hr), Canberra mini radiac (999R/hr), or Ludlum (100R/hr)
Sec 4.4

Question 25

If the Rad50 reads 50 mR/hr and it is the only available meter on-scene,
units can continue to operate in full PPE with a personal dosimeter to monitor individual doses up to ??

Answer 25

10 Rem for firefighting and 25/50 Rem for rescue

Sec 4.4.2

Question 26

What other tool may be helpful at radiological emergencies ?

Answer 26

The thermal imaging camera may also be a useful tool in managing the
life hazard by assisting in the location of victims, as well as dispersed
radiological material (some radiological elements emit heat and can be
picked up by the camera
Sec 4.4.2

Question 27

Each member is responsible for monitoring his/her dose using the personal
dosimeter. When a member’s dosimeter reads a dose of 5 Rem:
• Notify the Officer

• Continue to notify the officer for each additional ???

Answer 27

5 Rem dose received thereafter with the following information:
o Location
o Activity being performed
o Radiological Rate and Dose
Sec 4.4.3

Question 28

Members should also monitor time on air in the Hot Zone. Respiratory
protection is required to operate in this zone. If SCBA tank runs out, the
member should ??

Answer 28

Immediately switch to an APR if oxygen levels are
deemed sufficient for APR use.
Sec 4.4.3

Question 29

Priority for Decontamination will depend on the extent of contamination, the location
of the contamination (i.e. contamination near the mouth implies ingestion of radioactive
material which is more serious than superficial contamination), as well as the nature of
a person’s injuries.
Priority for Decontamination

Answer 29

1) Patients with life-threatening injuries (i.e. injuries that affect ABCs)
2) Patients that are most severely contaminated but are not symptomatic
3) Discretion should be used to prioritize remaining contaminated patients
• Pregnant women
• Children
• Senior citizens
• Non-life threatening injuries
Sec 6.2.2

Question 30

The Transport Index of a package should not exceed ??

The total TI of a vehicle’s shipment may not exceed

Answer 30

10 mR/hr.

50 mR/hr.
TI is based on Gamma only
Sec 2.5.5-6