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Geology Year 8 GSG > Erosion and Rocks > Flashcards

Erosion and Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

what is erosion?

A

Erosion is the movement of the broken pieces away from the site of weathering.

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2
Q

what is weathering?

A

The wearing away of rocks by wind, water, plants, chemicals or ice

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3
Q

What are three types of weathering?

A

Physical: temperature, wind, rain and waves, freeze thaw; Biological: plants; Chemical: acid

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4
Q

What is transport of rocks?

A

Rivers and streams move pieces of rock. Rocks are deposited first then sand and clay.

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5
Q

What are rocks?

A

Grains of minerals that fit together

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6
Q

what are the three basic groups of rocks?

A

Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic

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7
Q

How are igneous rocks formed?

A

Igneous rocks are formed by cooling magma

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8
Q

What are the two basic types of igneous rocks?

A

Basalt and granite

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9
Q

How is basalt formed?

A

Basalt is an extrusive rock formed from by cooled quickly on the surface

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10
Q

Does basalt have small or large crystals? Why?

A

Basalt has small crystals because it was quickly cooled

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11
Q

How is granite formed?

A

Granite is an intrusive rock formed by magma being cooled slowly underground

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12
Q

How do sedimentary rocks form?

A

Sedimentation then compaction then cementation

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13
Q

What is sedimentation?

A

Deposited rocks, sand etc build up to form sediments

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14
Q

What is compaction?

A

The weight of each additional sedimentary layer causes compaction

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15
Q

What is cementation?

A

The pieces of rock stick together through the process of cementation

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16
Q

Name 4 examples of sedimentary rock

A

chalk, limestone, sandstone, shale

17
Q

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

A

Metamorphic rock has been subjected to tremendous heat and / or pressure, which caused it to change into metamorphic rock.

18
Q

Name 3 metamorphic rocks and their rocks of origin examples of sedimentary rock

A

limestone to marble clay to slate sandstone to schists

19
Q

What is the rock cycle?

A

A description of the way the three types of rocks are formed and recycle

20
Q

Coal is made of ????

A

Fossilised plant matter

21
Q

Why does freezing water crack rocks?

A

Freezing water expands and cracks rocks

22
Q

Where is magma found in the Earth?

A

The Earth’s crust floats on liquid rock (magma)

23
Q

Which comes first erosion or weathering?

A

weathering

24
Q

Which rocks are deposited first in a fast moving stream?

A

The heaviest rocks

25
Q

Which rocks have crystals?

A

igneous

26
Q

Which rocks have layers?

A

sedimentary

27
Q

What type of rock is limestone?

A

sedimentary

28
Q

What type of rock is gneiss?

A

metamorphic

29
Q

What type of rock is basalt?

A

igneous

30
Q

What type of rock is conglomerate?

A

sedimentary

31
Q

What type of rock is slate?

A

metamorphic

32
Q

What type of rock is granite?

A

igneous

Geology Year 8 GSG (2 decks)

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