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Geography > Erosion And Deposition > Flashcards

Erosion And Deposition Flashcards

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1
Q

What is erosion

A

Erosion is the wearing away of the earths surface by the movement of weathered material.

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2
Q

What are the three main agents of erosion

A

Water
Wind
Ice

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3
Q

What is the difference between erosion and weathering.

A

Erosion wears away the earths surface through moving objects scouring the surface whilst weathering happens in one place.

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4
Q

What is weathering

A

It is the breaking down of rocks and soil by actions of the weather.

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5
Q

What is deposition

A

Deposition is the build-up of the weathered material that has been removed from the earths surface.

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6
Q

What does weathering and erosion produce

A

Loose stones, soil, and mud

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7
Q

What are deposition features

A

Features that form part of a landscape, created by deposition.

Eg: beaches, sand dunes.

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8
Q

What are agents of erosion

A

Forces of nature that cause erosion.

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9
Q

What is abrasion

A

It is the wearing away of the of the river banks or bed by the rivers load

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10
Q

What is the start of a river called

A

The source

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11
Q

What is the place where a river flows into the sea called

A

The mouth

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12
Q

What is a river course

A

It is the length from the rivers source to mouth.

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13
Q

What is river erosion and deposition influenced by

A

The speed the river flows at

The amount of water in the river

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14
Q

What are the 3 sections of a river

A

Upper course
Middle course
Lower course

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15
Q

What are the features of the upper course

A 
The gradient is the steepest 
The width is narrow
Vertical erosion takes place
Flows the fastest 
Shallow depth
Creates waterfalls and Rapids
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16
Q

What is vertical erosion

A

It is when the bed of the river is eroded and deepens the river channel

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17
Q

What causes the river to move so fast

A

The steep gradient

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18
Q

What weathers materials do rivers transport

A

Sand
Rock
Mud
Stones

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19
Q

What is the spare energy in the upper course used for

A

To transport the large rocks

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20
Q

How can erosion take place in the upper course

A

The movement of these large rocks against the bed of the river causes Vertical erosion

21
Q

Why are the sides of the valley so steep

A

So loose stones and soil can easily be washed into the river and add to the load

22
Q

What is a waterfall

A

It is a sudden drop in the gradient of a river,that looks like a cliff or sharp slope.

23
Q

Why do waterfalls occur

A

When the course of a river flows or soft rock that rock erodes quicker and creates a step in the bed.

24
Q

What are plunge pools and how are they formed

A

It is a small eroded pool of a river bed at the base of a waterfall due to the harder rocks of the land breaking off and falling into the river and being stirred around by the force of the waterfall.

25
Q

What are Rapids

A

They are fast flowing area of a river

26
Q

How are Rapids formed

A

When different types of rock cross the river course. The hard and soft rock erode differently causing uneven layers in the river bed.

27
Q

What are potholes

A

Potholes are deep surfaces in the ground.

28
Q

How do potholes occur

A

When stones carried in the load of a river spin around by the river currents. This action wears away deep holes in the river bed.

29
Q

What are Rapids

A

They are fast flowing area of a river

30
Q

How are Rapids formed

A

When different types of rock cross the river course. The hard and soft rock erode differently causing uneven layers in the river bed.

31
Q

What is a delta

A

A fan-shaped (semi-circular) area of sand and silt deposited at the mouth of a river.

32
Q

How do deltas form

A

When a river reaches a large area of water such as the sea, the river banks are low so that water can flow over them. The water spreads out and deposits load. This causes the river to divide into smaller channels.

33
Q

Why doesn’t South Africa have large deltas

A

Because the force of our ocean waves and currents are too strong for deltas to form.

34
Q

What is a floodplain

A

It is a wide, flat area next to the river channel, usually covered by flood water.

35
Q

How are floodplains formed

A

When lighter silt and mud deposit on the flat valley floor

36
Q

What is a levee

A

A levee is deposition on top of a river bank,formed when river floods.

37
Q

How are levees formed

A

When a river floods the heavier load of the river material is deposited on the river bank.

38
Q

What is silt

A

It is either fine sand or rich soil from weathered material.

39
Q

What is a meander

A

The winding path that a river takes around obstacles for it has less energy to go over them.

40
Q

How do meanders form

A

By erosion around an obstacle (large rocks)

41
Q

What is an ox-bow lake

A

It is the remainder of a meander after being cut of by river erosion.

42
Q

How do of-bow lakes form

A

By repeated erosion on the outside of a meander, narrowing the distance between the two meanders. Deposition from the river load cuts off the old meander and makes it a short cut for the new path.

43
Q

What are the features of the middle and lower course of a river

A 
Flatter land
Erosion is lateral
Slip offs
River cliffs
Meanders
Ox-bow lakes
Current is weaker
44
Q

What is lateral erosion

A

It is erosion that takes place sideways

45
Q

What is a river cliff

A

The outside bank of a river that undergoes erosion

46
Q

How are river cliffs formed

A

Because the current on the outside bend is faster, it erodes the bank and forms a river cliff.

47
Q

What is a slip of

A

It is the inside bank of a river that undergoes deposition

48
Q

How does a slip off form

A

Because the current on the inside of the river bend is weaker or slower, some of the load is deposited on the slip off slope.

49
Q

What causes meanders to change their shape and position

A

Erosion

Deposition

Geography (3 decks)

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