Erosion and Deposition

Question 1

What is the name of the process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another?

Answer 1

Erosion

Question 2

A _____________ is a very rapid type of erosion.

Answer 2

mudflow

Question 3

Name 3 of the 5 types of erosion.

Answer 3

Gravity

Running Water

Glaciers

Waves

Wind

Question 4

What is the material moved by erosion called?

Answer 4

Sediment

Question 5

What types of material are considered sedimant?

Answer 5

Pieces of Rock

Soil

Plant Remains

Animal Remains

Ash

Question 6

Both weathering and erosion produce __________.

Answer 6

sediment

Question 7

______________ occurs when the sediment moved by erosion is deposited in a new location.

Answer 7

Deposition

Question 8

__________, ___________, and _____________ act together in a cycle that wears down and builds up Earth’s Surface.

These three work together to be destructive and constructive.

Answer 8

Weathering, erosion, and deposition act together in a cycle that wears down and builds up Earth’s Surface.

These three work together to be destructive and constructive forces that continually change the surface of the Earth.

Question 9

As a mountain wears down in one place, new landforms _________ ____ in other places.

Answer 9

build up

Question 10

__________ is the force that moves rock and other materials downhill.

Answer 10

Gravity

Question 11

Gravity causes _______ ____________, any one of several processes that move sediment downhill.

Answer 11

mass movement

The different types of mass movement include landslides, mudflows, slump, and creep.

Question 12

The most destructive kind of mass movement is a __________, which occurs when rock and soil slide quickly down a steep slope.

Answer 12

landslide

Question 13

An ______________ can trigger both mudflows and landslides.

Answer 13

earthquake

Question 14

Moving _________ is the major agent of the erosion that has shaped Earth’s land surface.

Answer 14

water

Question 15

What is runoff?

Answer 15

Runoff is water that moves over Earth’s surface.

Question 16

As runoff travels, it forms tiny grooves in the soil called _______. A ________ is a large groove, or channel, in the soil that carries runoff after a rain storm.

Answer 16

rills

Gully

Question 17

Gullies join together to form a large channel called a _________.

Answer 17

stream

A **stream **is a channel along which water is continually flowing down a slope. Unlike gullies, streams rairly dry up.

Question 18

A stream frows into a large stream or river by recieving water from _____________.

Answer 18

tributaries

A tributary is a stream or river that flows into a larger river. For example, the Missouri and the Ohio rivers are tributaries of the Mississippi River.

Question 19

Name 2 of the 5 features that a river creates by way of erosion on its way to the sea.

Answer 19

Valleys

Waterfalls

Flood Plains

Meanders

Oxbow Lakes

Question 20

Look at the picture and tell me what the river has created.

Answer 20

A meander is a loop-like bend in the course of a river. As the river winds from side to side, it tends to erode the outer bank and tends to deposit sediment on the inner bank fo the bend. Over time, the meander becomes more and more curved.

Question 21

When a meander is cut off from the river it creates a _______ _______.

Answer 21

oxbow lake

Can you locate where the meander has been cut off and created a oxbow lake in the picture?

Question 22

Deposition creates landforms such as __________ fans and ________. It can also add soil to a river’s flood plain.

Answer 22

An alluvial fan is a wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a steep, narrow mountain valley. This deposit is shaped like a fan.

Deltas are formed when sediment from a river reaches the ocean or a lake and is deposited.

Question 23

____________ is the term geologists use for underground water.

Answer 23

Groundwater

**Groundwater **can cause erosion through a process of chemical weathering. When water sinks into the ground it combines with carbon dioxide to form a weak acid, called carbonic acid. Over time this acid creates pockets in the rock below the surface.

Question 24

Carbonic acid in groundwater weathers away the rock and creates caves and caverns over time.

A deposit in a cave that hangs from the ceiling like an icicle is called a __________, while a deposit that climbs up from the floor of the cave is called a ___________.

Answer 24

A Stalactite, holds on tight to the ceiling while a Stalagmite, might reach the ceiling.

Question 25

A river’s water has __________. ___________ is the ability to do work or cause change.

Answer 25

Energy

There are two types of energy, potential energy and kinetic energy.

Question 26

___________ __________ is energy that is stored and waiting to be used later.

Answer 26

Potential energy

Question 27

___________ __________ is the energy an object has due to its motion.

Answer 27

Kinetic energy

As gravity pulls water down a slope, the water’s potential energy changes to kinetic energy that can do work.

Question 28

Geologists define a __________ as any large mass of ice that moves slowly over land.

Answer 28

Glacier

A continental glacier is a glacier that covers much of a continent or large island.

Today continental glaciers cover about 10% of Earth’s land.

Question 29

Many times in the past, continental glaciers have covered large parts of Earth’s surface. These times are called _____ _____.

Answer 29

ice ages

Question 30

Glaciers can only form in areas where more ______ falls than ______. Once the depth of the snow and ice reaches more than 30 - 40 meters, gravity begins to pull the glacier __________.

Answer 30

snow

melts

downhill

Question 31

The two process by which glaciers erode the land are plucking and abrasion. As a glacier flows over the land, it picks up rocks in a process called ___________.

Answer 31

plucking

Beneath the weight of a glacier, ice breaks rocks apart and those fragments freeze to the bottom of the glacier. As these rocks are dragged across the land abrasion takes place. This abrasion creates scratches and gouges in the bedrock.

This process is called glacial erosion.

Question 32

The energy in waves comes from _______ blowing across the water’s surface.

Answer 32

wind

Question 33

Waves shape the coast through __________ by breaking down rock and transporting sand and other sediment.

Answer 33

erosion

One way waves erode the land is by impact. Large waves can hit large rocks along the shore with great force. The energy in the waves can break apart rocks.

Waves also erode by abrasion. The wave carries sediment and as I crashes into the shore it wears away rock like sandpaper wearing away wood.