Erosion

Question 1

erosion

Answer 1

In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth’s crust, and then transport it away to another location

Question 2

weathering

Answer 2

Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth’s atmosphere, waters, and biological organisms

Question 3

water cycle

Answer 3

The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle or the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth

Question 4

evaporation

Answer 4

Evaporation is a type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase that is not saturated with the evaporating substance.

Question 5

condensation

Answer 5

Condensation is the change of the physical state of matter from gas phase into liquid phase, and is the reverse of evaporation. The word most often refers to the water cycle

Question 6

precipitation

Answer 6

In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, graupel and hail

Question 7

percolation

Answer 7

Percolation theory is the study of an idealized random medium in two or more dimensions. The emphasis of this book is upon core mathematical material and the presentation of the shortest and most accessible proofs

Question 8

runoff

Answer 8

Surface runoff is the flow of water that occurs when excess stormwater, meltwater, or other sources flows over the Earth’s surface.

Question 9

tributary

Answer 9

A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean

Question 10

watershed

Answer 10

an area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas

Question 11

continental divide

Answer 11

The Continental Divide of the Americas is the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas

Question 12

deposition

Answer 12

the action of deposing someone, especially a monarch

Question 13

delta

Answer 13

a landform that forms from deposition of sediment

Question 14

alluvial fan

Answer 14

An alluvial fan is a fan- or cone-shaped deposit of sediment crossed and built up by streams. If a fan is built up by debris flows it is properly called a debris cone or colluvial fan

Question 15

floodplain

Answer 15

A floodplain or flood plain is an area of land adjacent to a stream or river which stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls and which experiences flooding during periods of high discharge

Question 16

water table

Answer 16

The water table is the upper surface of the zone of saturation. The zone of saturation is where the pores and fractures of the ground are saturated with water.

Question 17

s.t.p.

Answer 17

Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, primarily from household sewage. Physical, chemical, and biological processes are used to remove contaminants and produce treated wastewater that is safer for the environment.

Question 18

septic tank

Answer 18

a tank, typically underground, in which sewage is collected and allowed to decompose through bacterial activity before draining by means of a leaching field.

Question 19

sea stacks

Answer 19

A stack or sea stack is a geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast, formed by wave erosion. Stacks are formed over time by wind and water, processes of coastal geomorphology

Question 20

sea arches

Answer 20

A sea arch is a natural opening eroded out of a cliff face by marine processes. Some arches appear to have developed from surge channels, which are created by wave refraction causing the focussing of wave fronts on the side of a headland

Question 21

sea caves

Answer 21

A sea cave, also known as a littoral cave, is a type of cave formed primarily by the wave action of the sea. The primary process involved is erosion.

Question 22

wave-cut terraces

Answer 22

A wave-cut platform, coastal benches, or wave-cut benches is the narrow flat area often found at the base of a sea cliff or along the shoreline of a lake, bay, or sea that was created by the weathering of land

Question 23

headlands

Answer 23

a narrow piece of land that projects from a coastline into the sea

Question 24

beach

Answer 24

a pebbly or sandy shore, especially by the ocean between high- and low-water marks

Question 25

glacier

Answer 25

glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation over many years, often centuries.

Question 26

glacial drift

Answer 26

glaciers drifting

Question 27

till

Answer 27

Till or glacial till is unsorted glacial sediment. Till is derived from the erosion and entrainment of material by the moving ice of a glacier. It is deposited some distance down-ice to form terminal, lateral, medial and ground moraines

Question 28

stratified drift

Answer 28

Kame: a mound-like hill of ice-contact stratified drift. Kames are formed when sediments lodged in crevasses in or on the surface of stagnant ice are deposited when the ice melts away. Kettle: a round basin created by the melting of a block of ice buried within glacial drift