Ergonomics

Question 1

ergon

Answer 1

work

Question 2

nomos

Answer 2

natural laws

Question 3

Ergonomics is the study of – in relation to their work environment

Answer 3

human efficiency

Question 4

Fundamental principle: Design the work area and the task –.

Answer 4

around the human body

Question 5

Risk Factors: prolonged –

Answer 5

static posture

Question 6

Risk Factors: – movements

Answer 6

repetitive

Question 7

Risk Factors: working in a – space

Answer 7

confined

Question 8

Risk Factors: challenges with – yourself or the patient

Answer 8

positioning

Question 9

Risk Factors: – with tools

Answer 9

limitations

Question 10

consequences of poor ergonomics: fatigue, pain, illness/injury, absence, errors, – and patient dissatisfaction

Answer 10

lower productivity

Question 11

physical signs: decreased range of motion, deformity, –, loss of muscle function

Answer 11

decreased grip strength

Question 12

symptoms: burning, cramping, numbness, pain, –

Answer 12

stiffness, tingling

Question 13

refers to the resting position of each joint- the position in which there is the least tension or pressure on nerves, tendons, muscles and bones

Answer 13

neutral posture

Question 14

at neural posture, muscles are at their – length (neither contracted nor stretched)

Answer 14

resting

Question 15

Muscles at neural posture can develop –

Answer 15

maximum force most efficiently.

Question 16

The fingers are –, in their natural resting position

Answer 16

gently curved

Question 17

They are not –. They are neither fully straightened out (extended) nor tightly curled (flexed).

Answer 17

spread apart

Question 18

The wrist is in line with the –

Answer 18

forearm

Question 19

– is neither bent up (extension) nor bent down (flexion). It is not bent towards the thumb (radial deviation) nor towards the little finger (ulnar deviation).

Answer 19

wrist

Question 20

The forearm rests with the –. It is not rotated to make the palm face down (pronation) or up (supination

Answer 20

thumb up

Question 21

The elbow is in a neutral position when the angle between forearm and upper arm is close to –. Some extension (up to 110 degrees) may be desirable

Answer 21

a right angle (90 degrees)

Question 22

The upper arm –. It is not elevated to the side (abduction), pulled across in front of the body (adduction), raised to the front (flexion) nor raised towards the back (extension).

Answer 22

hangs straight down

Question 23

The shoulders are in a –, neither hunched up nor pulled down, and not pulled forward or back

Answer 23

resting position

Question 24

The head is balanced on the –. It is not tilted forward, back or to either side. It is not rotated to the left or right

Answer 24

spinal column

Question 25

The spine naturally assumes an –

Answer 25

S-shaped curve

Question 26

The – (thoracic region) is bent gently out; the lower spine (lumbar region) is bent gently in.

Answer 26

upper spine

Question 27

Whether standing or sitting, the trunk does not bend forward (flexion) or backward (extension) by much (although a good backrest on a seat does allow –).

Answer 27

extension

Question 28

Under conditions of weightlessness (e.g., in space travel), the lower body naturally assumes a neutral, –and knee joints somewhat bent. Thus, both seated and standing postures involve deviations from neutral posture.

Answer 28

fetal position-hip

Question 29

right handed dentist operators zone

Answer 29

7-2

Question 30

left handed dentist operators zone

Answer 30

10-5

Question 31

right handed dentist assistant zone

Answer 31

2-4

Question 32

left handed dentist assistant zone

Answer 32

8-10

Question 33

right handed dentist transfer zone

Answer 33

4-7

Question 34

left handed dentist transfer zone

Answer 34

5-8

Question 35

leading causes of back pain

Answer 35

poor posture and awkward movements

Question 36

prevention and helpful tips: stand up every – to move around and stretch

Answer 36

15-20 min

Question 37

prevention and helpful tips: practice –

Answer 37

good posture

Question 38

prevention and helpful tips: build up – and exercise

Answer 38

core muscles: stomach, back, hips, pelvis

Question 39

prevention and helpful tips: exercise your – after procedures

Answer 39

hands

Question 40

prevention and helpful tips: – your work

Answer 40

pace

Question 41

prevention and helpful tips: – your hand when doing precise hand tasks

Answer 41

stabilize

Question 42

prevention and helpful tips use – instruments

Answer 42

larger diameter

Question 43

major factors to neck and shoulder discomfort: prolonged –, upper arm abduction, high static muscle activity

Answer 43

shoulder flexion

Question 44

Sit with your arms relaxed at your side and forearms approximately – to the floor

Answer 44

parallel

Question 45

Possibly one of the biggest contributing factors to neck and shoulder pain among dentists is –

Answer 45

positioning the patient too high

Question 46

leg balanced sitting: Allows for forward and upward postures to transfer some of the body’s support to the –

Answer 46

feet

Question 47

leg balanced sitting: – muscle groups are balanced and curve in lower back is maintained

Answer 47

opposing

Question 48

1. Prepare workstation
2. –
3. Position patient
4. Position bracket tray
5. Position dental light
6. Final adjustment to operator chair if needed

Answer 48

Adjust operator chair

Question 49

1. Seat patient
2. Lower backrest to supine position
3. Patient’s head at edge of headrest
4. Adjust chair height Patient’s nose level with –

Answer 49

operator elbow

Question 50

Healthy way of working

1. Making movement around patient’s head - instead of bending your back/neck
2. –

Answer 50

move your patient’s head

Question 51

front position (anterior teeth) – o’clock

Answer 51

8 or 4

Question 52

front position (anterior teeth): Hips in line with patient elbow, knees –

Answer 52

toward patient head

Question 53

front position (anterior teeth): Patient head: may turn – clinician, chin down for mandibular, chin up for maxillary

Answer 53

toward

Question 54

Provide good support underneath patient’s –

Answer 54

neck

Question 55

side position (posterior teeth): – o’clock

Answer 55

9 or 3

Question 56

side position (posterior teeth): facing patient, legs –

Answer 56

straddle chair

Question 57

Buccal surfaces of right posterior teeth; occlusal surfaces of right mandibular teeth

Answer 57

side position (posterior teeth):

Question 58

preferred for most procedures

Answer 58

back position

Question 59

back position: – o’clock

Answer 59

10-11 or 1-2

Question 60

back position: Facing patient, legs straddled, –

Answer 60

top corner of headrest

Question 61

directly behind patient (12 o’clock)

Answer 61

lingual of lower anteriors

Question 62

A light beam running nearly –to the viewing direction is a must

Answer 62

parallel

Question 63

Have hoses run across–

Answer 63

your arm

Question 64

The proper glove fit will help avoid – while scaling.

Answer 64

muscle strain

Question 65

– is a type of musculoskeletal disorder that is caused by improperly fitting gloves.

Answer 65

Surgical glove-induced injury

Question 66

symptoms of Surgical glove-induced injury

Answer 66

pain in wrist/fingers, numbness, tingling

Question 67

injury occurs from wearing –gloves that are not fitted or from wearing gloves that are too tight

Answer 67

ambidextrous