ERGONOMICS Flashcards by Eanne Sophia

Ergonomics is the science of making things

Efficient

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What happens to the worker if they have poor ergonomics?

Comfort, productivity and safety will suffer

Musculoskeletal disorders may occur

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What are the Ergonomic hazards?

Awkward posture
Static posture
Force
Repetitive movements

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Definition of Posture

Position of various parts of the body during an activity

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Definition of Neutral posture

The joint is being used NEAR the MIDDLE of its FULL RANGE OF MOTION

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Awkward postures are adopted due to?

Improper adjustment of the clinician’s chair
Improper patient position in relation to the clinician

Poor work techniques also but the first 2 are the MAJOR CAUSES

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Explain static postures

Body is in one position for a prolonged period of time

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Explain force and how can it be bad for us

Force is the amount of effort created by the muscles as well as the amount of pressure placed on a body part

It is bad bc it can lead to musculoskelatal disorders

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Explain repetitive movements

Task that involves the same fundamental movement for more than 50% of the work cycle

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3 critical components to consider with repetitive movements

Frequency - how many times do you do it
Duration - how long
Recovery time - Do they have breaks

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This musculoskeletal problem is due to the compression of the brachial nerve plexsus

Thoracic outlet syndrome

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Cause and Symptoms of Thoracic outlet syndrome

Cause: Tilting head forward, Hunching of shoulders forward, continuously reaching overhead

Symptoms: Numbness / tingling or pain in Fingers, Hand and Wrist

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Rotator cuff Tendinitis is when there is _______________ in the shoulder region

Painful inflammation of the muscle tendons

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Cause of Rotator cuff tendinitis

Holding elbow above the waist level

Holding upper arm away from the body

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Symptoms of Rotator cuff tendinitis

Severe pain and impaired function of the shoulder joint

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This disorder is due to the compression of the median nerve between the 2 heads of the pronator teres muscle

Pronator syndrome

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The median nerve is located between the heads of the _____ muscle

Pronator teres

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Cause of Pronator syndrome

Holding the LOWER ARM away from the body

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Difference of Pronator syndrome and Rotator cuff tendinitis?

Pronator - Lower arm

Rotator cuff - Upper arm

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Disorder associated with the extensor muscles of the thumb and fingers

Extensor wad strain

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Cause of Extensor wad strain

Extending the fingers independently of each other

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Symptoms of Extensor wad strain

Numbness, pain and loss of strength in the FINGERS

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Explain Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Painful disorder of the hand and wrist due to the COMPRESSION of the MEDIAN NERVE within the carpal tunnel of the wrist

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Cause of CTS

Poor posture
Bending of hand up, down or side to side
Continuously gripping an instrument without rest

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Symptoms of CTS

numbness, pain and tingling in THUMB, INDEX AND MIDDLE FINGER

A disorder of the lower arm and wrist caused by compression of the ulnar nerve of the arm as it passes through the wrist

Ulnar nerve entrapement

Cause of Ulnar nerve entrapment

Bending the hand up, down or form side to side at the wrist | Holding the little finger a full span away from the hand

Symptoms of Ulnar nerve entrapment

Numbness | Tingling and or loss of strength in the LOWER ARM or WRIST

Explain Tenosynovitis

Painful inflammation of the TENDONS on the SIDE of the WRIST and at the BASE of the THUMB

Cause of Tenosynovitis

Hand twisting Forceful gripping Bending the hand back or to the side

Symptoms of Tenosynovitis

Pain on the side of the wrist and base of the thumb | Sometimes movement of the wrist yields a cracking sounds

This is the painful inflammation of the TENDONS of the WRIST resulting from strain

Tendinitis

Cause of Tendinitis

Repeatedly extending the hand up or down at the wrist

Symptoms of Tendinitis

Pain in the wrist, especially on the OUTER EDGES OF THE HAND rather than through the center of the wrist

what is a Rotoquick?

Snap on type of handpiece

During sitting in a dental stool your legs should be?

Medyo touching the chair but not too much and make sure your feet are flat

Goal of Neutral NECK position

Head tilt of 0 to 20 degrees | The line from eyes to the treatment area should be as near to vertical as possible

What to avoid in neutral neck position?

Head tipped to far forward | Head tilted to one side

Goal of neutral BACK position

Lean forward slightly form the hips | Trunk flexion of 0 to 20 degrees

What to avoid in Neutral BACK position?

Over flexion of the spine; Curved back

GOAL of Neutral TORSO position

Torso in line with LONG AXIS of the body

What to avoid in neutral TORSO position

Leaning torso to one side | Twisting the torso

Goal of Neutral SHOULDER position

Shoulder in a horizontal line | Weight evenly balanced when seated

what to avoid in neutral SHOULDER position?

Shoulders lifted up toward ears Shoulders hunched forward Sitting with weight on one hip

Goal of neutral UPPER ARM position

Upper arm hangs parallel to the long axis of the torso | Elbows at waist level held slightly away from the body

what to avoid in neutral UPPER ARM position?

Greater than 20 degrees of elbow abduction away from the body Elbows held above the waist level

Goal of Neutral FOREARM position

Held parallel to the floor | Raised or lowered, if necessary by pointing at the elbow joint

What to avoid in neutral FOREARM position

Angle between forearm and upper arm of less than 60 degrees

Goal of Neutral HAND position

Little finger side of the palm is slightly lower than the thumb side Wrist aligned with forearm

What to avoid in neutral HAND position

Thumb side of palm rotated down so that palm is parallel to the floor Hand and wrist bet up or down

How many wheels do dental chairs usually have?

What is correct feet position?

Apart and not closed

Clinician's position to be able to see the lingual of the upper anteriors

11 or 12 o clock position

Position to be able to see the lingual of the 3rd quadrant

9 o clock

This position is best during scaling

8 oclock position

difference between patient position for the maxillary and mandibular arch

maxillary - flat and tilted upwards | mandibular - back rest of the chair is tilted upwards 15 degrees

what are the type of instrument grasps

Pen grasp Inverted pen grasp Palm and thumb pen grasp Modified palm and thumb pen grasp

What is the correct finger placement for Index, Middle and Ring and Pinky finger

Index - on the handle Middle - handle and part of it is near the ring finger and on the shank Ring - on the tooth Pinky - close to the Ring finger

What type of fingered clinician needs to have a more curved knuckle position?

Short

Purpose of finger rests

Control of instrument | Provides control and prevents injury to the soft tissues

Where are finger rests usually placed?

Labial / lingual surface of the tooth being worked on or the adjacent tooth

Why are soft tissues not suitable for finger rest?

Flexible and mobile

When should the finger rest be placed in the opposite quadrant of the same arch?

In the absence of an adjacent tooth/ teeth/ difficulty in obtaining the desired angle of the instrument/ blade/ lack of access to the area of operation

This grasp is used for the lingual of anterior maxillary teeth

Inverted pen grasp

In the Palm and thumb grasp where is the thumb?

It is free from the instrument | It is on another tooth