era of the great war

Question 1

six reasons scots signed up to the army

Answer 1

Peer pressure
Pals battalions
A sense of duty
Free bed,uniform, food
bond of friendship, Propaganda

Question 2

six elements of life in the trenches

Answer 2

Trench foot
Trench mouth
Boredom
Chores
Rats
Lice

Question 3

six tactics used in the war

Answer 3

Artillery bombardment

Reconnaissance planes

Overwhelming attacks

Chlorine gas

Go over the top

Tanks

Question 4

six key facts about tanks

Answer 4

disguised as water tanks on western front

first use battle somme

sight of tanks on battlefield had a psychological effect

Early tanks were heavily armored, armed with machine guns, designed to cross trenches, break barbed wire.

Early tanks were slow, and often got stuck in the mud,

Prone to technological problems

Question 5

six key facts about machine guns

Answer 5

This weapon could fire up to 600 bullets per minute

Very heavy and manned up to 3 men

Trenches were essential in protecting soldiers from machine gun fire

Initially used in defensive roles, they later became integrated into offensive strategies

Machine guns contributed to the high casualty rates

dramatically changed the nature of combat by providing sustained, rapid fire.

Question 6

six facts about gas as a weapon

Answer 6

one of most feared weapons in WW1

Wasnt always good as could blow wrong way

Common gases included chlorine, phosgene (lethal gas), mustard gas, caused blisters, blindness.

Gas attacks caused around 1 million casualties

not always effective due to factors like wind direction, protective equipment, and gas masks.

Gas warfare was considered brutal, leading to fear and psychological trauma among soldiers.

Question 7

six key facts about artillery

Answer 7

Big, heavy guns fired large shells designed to cause maximum damage to enemy fortifications like trench systems

dug-outs and barbed wire were used.

Soldiers zig zagged their trenches to limit effects of a blast.

noise of explosions + fear of death by shell-fire caused some men to suffer a nervous breakdown (‘shell shock’).

use of artillery caused over 60% of deaths on the battlefield

Artillery fire was used to ‘soften up’ enemy soldiers before launching an attack

Question 8

six key facts about aircraft

Answer 8

used for spotting the enemy and gathering intelligence

Later in the war, fighter planes were fitted with machine guns. Heavier planes dropped bombs on the enemy.

By 1918, planes developed could drop bombs on Berlin.

Pilots fought each other in the sky in one-on-one battles.

Zeppelins were used by the German to attack seaside towns in the UK. They terrified the civilian population.

Special planes were made for dog fights.

Question 9

six restrictions introduced by dora

Answer 9

Can’t buy binoculars

Pub opinion times reduced

Can’t buy alcohol for your friends

Beer watered down

Conscription

Can’t whistle for a taxi

Question 10

six reasons why dora was introduced

Answer 10

improve effectiveness

produce productivity

So everyone is working for the war

So there’s positive views on the war

So there is no spies

So people would have to keep going to war

Question 11

six reasons why people didnt like dora

Answer 11

Licing hours where limited from 13 hours to 1 half, scots couldn’t go out, pub owners not earning as much

In jan 1916 conscription for single men aged between 19-40 scots didn’t like this because free will got taken away from them.

Flying a kite - didn’t get to enjoy things anymore as much.

Let government to censor newspapers/ mail (no freedom)

imposed strict regulations on businesses, including working hours and conditions, some saw as controlling.

DORA enabled rationing, leading to shortages

Question 12

six reasons rationing was introduced

Answer 12

Ensure fair distribution

Control rising food prices

People in military where the priority, making it necessary to ration so there was enough for soldiers

Rationing helped prevent people from hoarding goods, ensuring fair distribution and avoiding scarcity.

By controlling food supplies, the government aimed to avoid malnutrition and ensure everyone received a balanced diet.

Rationing ensured that all citizens, regardless of wealth, received an equal share of available goods.

Question 13

six different types of womens war works

Answer 13

Nurses - on frontlines/hospitals, tending to hurt soldiers.

Munitions Workers - worked in factories producing ammunition, shells, and other essential war materials.

Agricultural Workers - Women’s Land Army recruited women to work in agriculture, helping with food production during a labor shortage.

clerical roles in government offices - military, businesses, handling paperwork, communications, logistics.

Drivers - drove ambulances, supply vehicles

voluntary groups, eg. the Red Cross, providing aid, organizing fundraising, and helping with civilian welfare.

Question 14

six ways women’s roles changed during war

Answer 14

They were given the right to vote

Women working in ammunition factories

With so many men going to war there was a large gap in employment and women responded by replacing men in the workplace.

It gave women opportunity to prove themselves in a male dominated society

Women became truck and ambulance drivers as more men were called to the front.

The women’s royal air force was created

Question 15

six ways in which propoganda helped the war effort

Answer 15

Encouraging Recruitment - posters campaigns urged men to enlist in the military, emphasizing patriotism, duty.

Promoting War Bonds - Government encouraged citizens to buy war bonds to fund military operations and the war effort.

Boosting Morale - portraying enemy as evil, home as united

Rationing and Conservation - Propaganda campaigns promoted food and resource conservation, encouraging citizens to save and ration to support the war.

Demonizing the Enemy - propaganda made the enemy seem inhumane and horrific, motivating people to fight for justice and freedom.

helped unify people by emphasizing patriotism, national pride, and importance of war effort for the country’s future.

Question 16

six reasons people became conscientious believers

Answer 16

Worried about getting injured

Scared of war

Religious reasons

Staying to look after family members

Poor health

Moral belief

Question 17

six ways conscientious believers where treated

Answer 17

Imprisonment - religious objectors were jailed for refusing to serve in the military, often under harsh conditions.

Forced Labor - Some conscientious believers were put into non-combatant roles, working in manual labor battalions.

Public Shaming - Those who refused to fight were often stigmatized, seen as unpatriotic or traitors.

Physical/ Mental Abuse - In prisons/ labor camps, the believers sometimes faced abuse, including physical punishment or pressure to change their stance.

Religious Exemptions - religious groups, eg. Quakers, given exemptions from combat, allowed to serve in non-combat roles, varied by country.

Court Martial and Harsh Sentences - religious objectors were court-martialed, resulting in long prison sentences.

Question 18

six impacts casualties and deaths had in scotland

Answer 18

Loss of a Generation - death of young men, led to the loss of an entire generation, affecting families and communities.

Economic Disruption - loss of workers, in coal mining, shipbuilding, led to labor shortage, disrupted local economy.

Social Grief and Trauma - Families and communities were devastated by the loss of loved ones.

Increased Role of Women - many men killed or injured, women took on more prominent roles in the workforce, including in industrial jobs + in support services like nursing.

Rise in War Memorials - significant loss of life led to creation of war memorials in towns/villages across Scotland.

Political and Social Change - scale of loss, combined with hardships of war, contributed to social unrest, influencing political movements.

Question 19

six reserved occupations

Answer 19

Miners - essential for maintaining energy supplies.

Agricultural Workers - crucial for food production, so that country had enough supplies during the war.

Shipbuilders - vital for producing naval vessels and merchant ships to support the war effort.

Railway Workers - maintain transport infrastructure for moving troops, weapons, and supplies across the country.

Engineers and Skilled Tradesmen - needed to produce arms, ammunition, and other military equipment.

Teachers and Medical - maintaining education systems, while doctors, nurses, paramedics needed to support the wounded.

Question 20

six industries that did well during the war

Answer 20

Munitions Manufacturing – Production of weapons and ammunition increased.

Shipbuilding – Demand for naval and transport ships surged.

Textiles – High need for uniforms and military fabrics.

Food Production – Increased demand for food supplies

Transportation – Expansion in railways and motor vehicle production.

Construction – Building of trenches, fortifications, and military infrastructure.

Aircraft Production – Rise in demand for military airplanes and related technology.

Question 21

six reasons why industry declined after the war

Answer 21

There was a lack of investment

There was an international Trade slump

There was greater foreign competition

Since the war was over there was no use for lots of things.

Competition e.g. Scottish iron/steel firms had rivals in england.

A decline of interconnected businesses failure of one industry had an effect on the others (multiple industries failed).

Question 22

six industries that grew in the 1920s

Answer 22

Steel industries

Construction – Building of trenches, and military infrastructure.

Ship building

Textiles: jute makers - High need for uniforms/ military fabrics

Shepherds

farming

Munitions - Production of weapons, ammunition increased.

Question 23

six reasons why women gained the vote

Answer 23

Militant tactics

Changing social attitudes

Hunger strikes (suffragettes)

War work

Suffragists - petitions

Suffragists lobbying MPs

Question 24

six tactics used by the suffragettes

Answer 24

disrupted meetings

Chained themselves to parliament railings

Used vandalism

Set fire to pillar boxes

Went on hunger strike in prison

Poured acid onto golf courses

Question 25

six facts about rent strikes

Answer 25

In glasgow due to more population landlords charge extra 25%

In response to the rent increases in February 1915 glasgow women’s housing association was formed led by 3 women

25,000 govan tenants refused to pay their rent.

Rents for housing increased sharply due to wartime demand, causing financial strain on working-class families.

Women played a central role in organizing strikes/ protests.

Strikers demanded lower rents, as they felt landlords were exploiting the housing crisis caused by the war.

Question 26

six ways voting was changed in 1918

Answer 26

All men 21 over, regardless of property, got the right to vote.

Women over 30, who met certain property or income qualifications, were granted the right to vote.

Men no longer needed property qualifications to vote.

The voting age for men was lowered from 30 to 21.

The Act greatly expanded the electorate, adding millions of new voters, especially working-class men and women.

The Act introduced a redistribution of parliamentary seats to reflect population changes and ensure fairer representation.

Question 27

six facts about housing in scotland at the end of the war

Answer 27

Severe Shortage – A major lack of affordable housing.

Poor Conditions – Overcrowded, inadequate living spaces.

High Rents – Rent prices rose, causing financial strain.

Population Pressure – Returning soldiers added to demand.

Government - 1919 Housing Act aimed to address the crisis.

Protests continued, especially in Glasgow, for lower rents.

Question 28

six tactics used by suffragists

Answer 28

Petitions – Collecting signatures for support.

Public Meetings – Rallies and speeches to raise awareness.

Lobbying MPs – Meeting with politicians to push for suffrage.

Peaceful Demonstrations – Protests to highlight the cause.

Leaflets – Distributing literature to inform the public.

Contributing to the war effort - to gain political backing.