Era Of The Great War Flashcards
Describe the tactics of the suffragettes
Chaining themselves to Parliament
Hunger strike in prison
Acid in letter boxes and writing slogans in acid on golf courses
Arson attack, Ayr Race Course
Bomb in Glasgow Botanic Gardens
Heckled politicians at public meetings
Ethel Morehead broke glass case of William Wallace sword
Describe the treatment of conscientious objectors
Had to appear before a military tribunal to explain why they would not fight.
Many were send to prison where they faced abuse such as mock executions
In prison they were often put in solitary confinement with bread and water.
They were shunned by society such as refused service in shops and losing their jobs.
Glasgow school teacher John MacLean lost his job for speaking out against the war
Some were non combatant objectors who were sent to the front to work as stretcher bearers
Absolutists, who wouldn’t do any war related task were sent to work in Dyce Quarry Labour camp.
Cartoons in newspapers mocked non combatants as being unmanly and delicate
Describe the impact of WW1 on heavy industries
War gave a huge boost to heavy industries, rescuing them from a decline.
The shipyards in Clyde has full employment building 481 battleships.
Iron and steel industries were busy providing orders for ships and armour plating and munitions.
Companies like Beardmore diversified to produce other products such as aircraft.
Iron works as Falkirk made over 5 million hand grenades.
The coal industry was in demand providing the energy for shipyards, factories and railway transporting troops and food.
The jute industry prospered due to the need for sandbags and uniforms.
Explain why DORA was introduced
Shorter pub hours and weaker beer was introduced to endure productive workers in factories.
You needed a license to have pigeons to prevent people using them to communicate with the enemy.
People weren’t allowed to criticise the war because they didn’t want to drop morale on the home front or make men refuse to fight.
Information in newspapers was censored, such as only showing dead enemy troops to prevent a loss of morale and anti war protests.
People were moved to jobs by the government to ensure there were enough workers to maintain war productions.
Bonfires were banned so they could not be used to communicate with the enemy ships or planes.
You were banned giving bread to chickens because it would waste food at a time of shortage.
Explain why propaganda was important in WW1
Propaganda posters, daddy what did you do, were important way of encouraging men to volunteer.
Propaganda critiquing conscientious objectors was important in deterring men from objecting.
Propaganda was used to encourage voluntary rationing and growing your own food to combat food waste.
Propaganda was used to encourage women to complete war work , such as munitions.
Propaganda such as the alleged Belgian atrocities were important in encouraging anti German feeling.
Propaganda was used to enforce DORA regulations.
Propaganda in newspaper exaggerated Scottish victories to maintain morale
Explain why heavy industries declined after WW1
Coal industry lost workers as electricity replaced coal as a new energy source.
Scottish coal was deeper and harder to reach which made buyers opt for foreign coal which was cheaper.
With the war ending there were no more demand for battleships meaning shipyards saw high unemployment.
During the war Scottish industries had turned away orders as they were so busy, these countries had found new suppliers who were often cheaper so didn’t return to Scotland.
The jute industry declined because when the war ended there was no longer a demand for sandbags.
After WW1 the jute industry declined as jute from Calcutta was produced cheaper than Scotland so they lost customers.
Foreign competitors in shipyards invested in new technology such as diesel engines which made competitors buy from them instead of Scotland.
There were a series of strikes in Scotland which made orders late and discouraged buyers.
Describe the impact of WW1 on politics
Women were given the vote in national elections as a reward for their work. If aged over 30.
Women’s political power increased as they forced an end to rent rises by going on rent strike.
Workers in Parkhead forge doing essential war work went on strike to get political change : end to rent increases.
WW1 increases political awareness and protest, there were protests in Glasgow Green against conscription.
David Lloyd George recognised the new voters, men who had fought for their country, deserved better homes and promised homes for heroes.
This led to laws such Addison Housing Act and Chamberlain housing acts to deal with housing shortage.
Voting was given to all men aged 21, those who had fought in the war got the vote aged 19.
People became angry that DORA limited their freedom and liberties. They complained the government had too much power over people.
