Era Of The Dumas

Question 1

What was the Lower chamber in the new constitution?

Answer 1

-state Duma
-members elected through indirect voting by estates
-heavily weighted in favour of nobility + peasants
-deputies elected for five year term

Question 2

What was the upper chamber?

Answer 2

-state council
-half elected by zemstva, half appointed by tsar
-noble representatives from major social, religious + financial institutions

Question 3

What did the two chambers have in common?

Answer 3

-both houses had equal legislative power
-all legislation received approval by tsar

Question 4

What was the government?

Answer 4

-council ministers under the PM
-govt appointed by tsar
-govt responsible for the crown + not the Duma

Question 5

What were the fundamental laws?

Answer 5

-reasserted autocratic power
-tsar claimed right to — veto legislation, rule by decree in emergency, appoint + dismiss ministers + dissolve Duma as he wished

Question 6

What was the social democratic workers party 1898?

Answer 6

-founded in 1898
-committed to Marxism

Question 7

What was the split in the social democratic workers party?

Answer 7

-split 1903 into two groups
-bolsheviks + Mensheviks

Question 8

Who were the bolsheviks 1903?

Answer 8

-led by Lenin
-believed in discipline, centralisation, organisation + role of proletariat under party guidance
-1905 favoured peasant alliance

Question 9

Who were the Mensheviks 1903?

Answer 9

-led by Martov
-he believed in cooperation with liberals rather than peasants

Question 10

Who were the socialist revolutionaries?

Answer 10

-founded 1899
-led by Chervov
-favoured list ideas of redistribution of land + nationalisation
-left of party + favoured terrorism to achieve ideas

Question 11

Who were the Trudoviks?

Answer 11

-were a labour group
-moderate liberal views with no formal programme
-favoured nationalisation of non-peasant land, democratic representation + 8 hr working day
-supported peasantry + intelligentsia