ER Bloodwork Levels

Question 1

Potassium (K+)

Answer 1

3.5 - 5.2 mmol/L
Low: meds, malnutrition
High: Sickle cell, hemolytic anemia, hemolyzed

Question 2

Anion Gap

Answer 2

5 - 17
Marker of kidney function, pH, hydration

Question 3

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 3

7 - 25 mg/dL
Marker of kidney function, pH, hydration

Question 4

Creatinine

Answer 4

0.60 - 1.30 mg/dL
High: poor kidney function

Question 5

eGFR by Creatinine

Answer 5

Measures kidney function
>90 - normal
40 - 89 : mild/mod decreased
<40 : severely decreased
<15 : kidney failure

Question 6

White Blood Cells (WBC)

Answer 6

3.3 - 10.7
Low: infection, drugs, ect.
High: infection, sepsis, leukemia

Question 7

Hemoglobin

Answer 7

12.1 - 15.0
Low: anemia
High: myloproliferative, elevation,

Question 8

High MCV

Answer 8

B12 deficiency, alcoholics

Question 9

Platelets

Answer 9

150 - 400 bil/L
Produced by bone marrow
Low: ITP (autoimmune), viruses, bld loss
High: sepsis, splenectomy (spleen stores)

Question 10

Chloride

Answer 10

98 - 111
Kinda basicity (metabolic alkalosis)

Question 11

Sodium

Answer 11

135 - 145
Low: diet, alcoholic, bad sepsis
High: diet, SIADH, fluids given

Question 12

URINE : Ketones

Answer 12

Normal : Zero
High: diabetic, diet, ect.

Question 13

Internalized Normalized Ratio (INR)

Answer 13

9.2 - 15.3 seconds
Calculation of pt and ptt
Blood ‘thickness’
Low: cancers, post hemorrhage, DIC
High: Vit K, DIC (late), congenital, hemophilia, liver damage

Question 14

Low MCV / Low MCH

Answer 14

Iron Deficiency Anemia
MCV: cell size
MCH: cell color

Question 15

Anemia of Chromic Disease
(Renal disease, diabetes)

Answer 15

Normal MCV & MCH
Low Hemoglobin

Question 16

Creatine Kinase (CK)

Answer 16

Indicator of Muscle Damage
Sensitive but not specific for rhabdo

Question 17

AST / ALT / Alkaline Phosphatase

Answer 17

Liver Enzymes
High: liver damage

Question 18

pt / ptt / aptt

Answer 18

prothrombin time (pt)
partial thromboplastin time (ptt)
activated ^ (aptt) (more sensitive)

Question 19

UTI

Answer 19

Nitrites (+) (50% sensitive)
Leukoesterase (+)
Bacteria (+)
WBC (+)

Question 20

High Squamous Epithelial Count

Answer 20

Urine contaminated