Equity Markets and Primary Markets Flashcards

1
Q

Primary stock markets allow suppliers of funds to raise ______

A

Equity capital

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2
Q

What market is the most closely watched and reported of all financial markets?

A

Secondary Markets

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3
Q

Who

  1. Has a right to share in the firms profits
  2. Are residual claimants
  3. Have limited liability
  4. Have voting rights?
  5. Are the legal owner’s of a corporation
A

Shareholders

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4
Q

What is the fundamental ownership claim in a public or private corporation?

A

Common Stock

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5
Q

Do common stockholder’s have voting rights?

A

Yes

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6
Q

_____ voting is the number of votes assigned to each stockholder equals the number of shares held multiplied by the number of directors to be elected?

A

Cumulative

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7
Q

_____ voting allows stockholder’s to vote by an absentee ballot.

A

Proxy

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8
Q

___ ____ is a hybrid security that has characteristics of both bonds and common stock

A

Preferred stock

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9
Q

When are fixed dividends usually paid?

A

Quarterly

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10
Q

Do Preferred stockholders have voting rights?

A

No

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11
Q

What is the difference between cumulative and noncumulative in preferred stock?

A

Cumulative dividends you have to add up and pay all to preferred stock before you can pay common stockholders. Noncumulative dividends you do not have to.

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12
Q

What is the difference in nonparticipating and participating?

A

Nonparticipating - getting the same amount regardless of whether the company does good or not.
Participating - When you are rewarded based upon the company doing well

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13
Q

Why go public?

A
  1. Can raise a lot of money
  2. Not held liable by a bank if the company does bad
  3. Allows for an easier time getting loans
  4. Shareholder monitoring benefits – make sure the company is upholding moral standards
  5. Brand awareness
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14
Q

What is an IPO?

A

Initial public offering – first public issue of financial instruments by a firm

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15
Q

What is prospectus?

A

A long list of reasons why you shouldn’t invest in a company

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16
Q

What is a red herring prospectus?

A

Not the final prospectus – a preliminary

17
Q

What is an underwriter?

A

An underwriter sets the price (low enough to ensure strong demand), issues shares to institutional investors at an offer price on the IPO date

18
Q

What is the theory to underpricing?

A

An investment banker purposely underprices a little because they do not want to be in charge of paying it back

19
Q

What is the normal reason for underpricing?

A

To make it appetizing to investors to want to purchase it. This also helps to try and stabilize prices in markets

20
Q

What is spinning?

A

Allocating shares of a hot IPO to favored customers in exchange for receiving investment banking business from the buyers firm later on – you do not have the company’s best interest in mind

21
Q

What is laddering?

A

Allocating the IPO shares to firms to agree to buy more in the aftermarket in an attempt to increase the price over the short tun, increasing gains to original purchasers – involves some potential underwriting to help investment bankers out

22
Q

What are overly optimistic research reports?

A

They support the underwriting business – make people;e invest due to overly optimistic reports and overprice a little in order to raise prices

23
Q

Is long term underperformance or over performance more common for IPO issuers?

A

Underperformance

24
Q

What is a seasoned equity offering (SEO)?

A

An SEO is the sale of additional securities by a firm whose securities are already publicly traded. (Any stock issuing after a company is already public)

25
Q

What are preemptive rights?

A

when existing stockholder’s have the rights to maintain their proportional ownership when there are new shares issued

26
Q

What is shelf registration?

A

allows firms to offer multiple issues of stock over a two year period with only one registration statement

27
Q

What happens after SEO?

A

Shares outstanding goes up
cash goes into the firm
and public float usually rises

28
Q

What is public float?

A

Shares held by public

29
Q

Why does a stock price tend to fall when SEO returns happen?

A

Idea: The stock price is way too high. We aren’t worth that much so lets issue stock and make a lot of money. This is why stock price falls.