Equity Flashcards
What is the formula for the difference between the analyst’s estimate of intrinsic value and the current market price?
IVanalyst - Price = (IVanalyst - IVactual) + (IVactual - Price)
When is investment value used?
When the company in question is being acquired.
Are conglomerates more likely to be value at a premium or a discount?
A discount.
What is the formula for calculating Equity Risk Premium using the GGM model?
ERP = (d/P) + g - r
What will be the effect of using arithmetic average vs geometric average for historical equity returns when estimating equity risk premium?
Arithmetic average will be higher, so equity risk premium will be higher.
What will be the effect of using short-term treasury bill rate vs longer-term bond rates when estimating equity risk premium?
Short-term treasury bill rate will be lower, so equity risk premium will be higher.
For a public company, how can a beta be estimated?
A beta can be estimated by regressing historical returns and then adjusting for beta drift.
What is the formula for adjusted beta?
Adjusted Beta = (Beta x 2/3) + 1/3
What does the country spread model do?
It takes a developed market return and adds an emerging market premium.
What does the country risk rating model do?
It estimates an equation for developed equity risk premium and then uses this and EM inputs to estimate an EM equity risk premium.
What is the formula for sustainable growth rate (SGR)?
SGR = ROE x Retention Ratio
What are the formulas for valuing the long-term growth and short-term growth stages of a H-Model?
Long-Term V = d1/r-gL
Short-term V = (d0 x n/2 x (gS-gL)) / r - gL
What is the formula for justified leading P/E?
Payout Ratio / r - g
What is the formula for justified trailing P/E?
Payout Ratio x (1+g) / r - g
What is the formula for residual income?
RI = (ROE - r) x B0
or
RI = NI - (B0 x r)
What is the formula for the single-stage residual income model?
V0 = B0 + ((ROE - r) x B0) / r -g
If there is expected to be no residual income after time T, how do you calculate terminal value?
Terminal Value = RI at time T / 1 +r
What is the formula for the value of a stock a declining RI?
V0 = RI at time T / t + r - w
What will be the effect on ROE and Book Value of incorrectly capitalising expenditures?
They will be overstated.
What is the formula for valuing a firm under the Excess Earnings Method (EEM)?
EEM = Fixed Assets + Working Capital + Residual Income
What is an alternative method of estimating required return when no comparable public companies are available?
When there are no comparable public companies there will be no comparable betas to use, so the build-up method is used.
Under what circumstances can CAPM be used to estimate required return of a private firm?
If the firm is of similar size and specific risk to a public company.
When is a control premium added?
When the investor is a strategic buyer.
What is the formula to calculate DLOC from control premium?
DLOC = 1 - (1 / Control Premium)