Equities Flashcards
Class A Shares
Charge a front load
You pay a % of your purchase amount every time you buy shares
Class C Shares
Charge a level load
Ongoing fee, usually a %, as long as you hold the fund
Open-End Investment Companies
- Mutual Funds
- Are issued by the fund sponsor & are redeemable at any time with the sponsor
- Do not trader
Growth investors usually seek stocks with…
- higher than normal PE ratios
- low dividend yield, usually caused by a low dividend payout ratio
Micro Cap
Market cap up to $300 million
Tactical asset allocation is a method of..
market timing
Tracking error
In a passively managed investment that is designed to “mirror” a designated index, the risk that the portfolio returns fall short of the index results
(can be positive or negative)
If a married couple (either individual or jointly) owns a combined total of 10% or more of a corporation’s voting shares…
- they are considered affiliates
- they are subject to the requirements of SEC Rule 144
If a stock has a beta of less than 1.0, the stock’s price will…
not increase as much as the market when the market is up
Portfolio Immunization
- The strategy of managing a portfolio to make it worth a specific amount at a stated date in the future
- Typically used to fund a known future liability
- Bond PI protects the portfolio against interest rate risk
the sponsor of a mutual fund…
- established the fund
- registers the fund w/ the SEC before it can be sold
- is the fund underwriter
- does NOT manage the fund
LIBOR
London Interbank Offered Rate
- most Eurodollar loans are based
- European equivalent of the Fed Funds Rate
For a fund to impose 12b-1 fees, the distribution plan must…
- be in writing
- be approved by a majority of the outstanding shares
- be approved by a majority of the board of directors (including a majority of directors classified as outside directors)
What does the “active rate of return” measure?
a manager’s performance against the appropriate benchmark portfolio
Preservation of capital means..
No fluctuations
DRIP
Dividend Re-Investment Plan
- offered by corporate issuers that give shareholders the ability to reinvest cash dividends paid by the company in additional shares of that company
- no commission charges
- fractional shares can be purchased
- disadvantage: the investor cannot determine the timing
Market Capitalization
Number of common shares outstanding x Price per share
Which stocks are most sensitive to interest rates?
- Utility Stocks > they are highly leveraged
- Preferred Stocks > they have a set dividend & fluctuate in price like bonds when IR’s change
Most securities are sold with an anti-dilutive clause that…
provide for an adjustment in the number of shares based on stock splits or stock dividends
Automatic reinvestment is always at…
NAV
If a customer elects to receive distributions in cash while other investors purchase shares thru reinvestment…
their proportional interest in the fund will decline
Qualified Purchaser
- an individual or trust with at least $5 million of assets available for an investment
- or an investment manager or company with at least $25 million available for investment
A private foundation must pay out each year an amount equal to…
5% of its net investment assets in “qualifying distributions”
What are attributes of Equity Index Annuities?
- participation rate
- floor
A successful dollar cost averaging strategy requires…
- volatile market conditions
- a fixed dollar amount invested monthly
Balanced Funds
Both income & growth with minimal risk to capital
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC)
The fee charged by some mutual fund companies if shares are redeemed within a specified time after being purchased
IRR is most often used with…
Growth stocks
Annualized Return
The return an investor would have received had he held an investment for one year
Payment of a stock dividend…
Increases the number of shares held by the investor & the cost basis must be adjusted accordingly
Emerging Markets Fund
Type of growth fund that invests in companies in rapidly growing countries
Marketability Risk
How difficult it is to liquidate a given position in the portfolio
Corporate investors may exclude __% of dividends (common & preferred) received from taxation
50%
What items change when a company pays a cash dividend?
Total Assets & Total Liabilities
Sector Rotation
the practice of moving out of those industries that are headed for a decline & into those whose fortunes are likely to rise as the economy follows the business cycle
3 characteristics of a Closed-End Investment Company?
- Sells at market price based on S&D
- Is a type of management company
- Differs from a mutual fund
Mid Cap
market capitalization between $2B & $10B
Large Cap
Market cap of over $10B
Money Market Fund
- an asset class
- invests in short-term maturities (1 year or less)
- T-Bills, Bank CDs, Commercial Paper, Repurchase Agreements
Covered call writing is…
the most popular retail income strategy in a flat market, & it is appropriate for conservative investors that are looking for extra income
Tactical Asset Management
the permitted variance within each allocation %
Value investors pay attention to…
- low PE ratios
- low Price to Book ratios
- Product Line
- Market Share
- Mgmt
Small Cap
$300M to $2B
Strategic Portfolio Management
the determination of the % allocation to be given to each investment vehicle within an asset class
Index options can be used to…
hedge a portfolio
(if index puts are bought, a drop in the market lowering the portfolio’s value will be offset by a gain in the value of the index puts; this hedges against market (systematic) risk)
Required Rate of Return
the minimum return that an investment must offer in order for someone to decide to buy it
Negative Beta
a stock moved in the opposite direction of the market
High Alpha
a stock that moves faster than the average of the stocks in its grouping
If the required rate of return is more than the internal rate of return of that security, then..
the security should not be purchased for investment
Positive Beta
A stock that moves in the same direction as the market
Alpha
a measure of a stock’s price movement relative to the stocks in its industry & independent of general market movements
Low Alpha
a stock that moves slower than the average of the stocks in its grouping
What are the typical asset classes?
1 Cash/Money Market Instruments
2 Fixed Income Securities
3 Equities
4 Commodities
5 Real Estate
Impact Investing
the intentional allocation of capital to generate positive social or environmental impact
What is the term used to describe common stock issued below its par value?
Assessable stock
Variable Life Insurance
- don’t earn a specific IR
- invests a portion in an array of investments
- cash value growth
- guarantees minimum rate
New Issues
must be fully paid, cannot be purchased on margin (includes mutual funds)
If a client prefers mutual fund investments in companies that primarily generate capital appreciation to companies that pay a steady dividend. What type of MF & associated investment objectives would you recommend?
Growth fund
The most common form of investment vehicle for venture capital is…
the limited partnership
Class B Shares
Charges a backload (CDSC)
- Pay a % of the dollar value of the shares sold
- Backload declines over time while you hold the fund & eventually goes down to 0.
Corporations owners equity?
- Outstanding common stock at face value
- Retained earnings
Closed-End Funds
Investment companies that have an IPO & are “closed” to new investment;
are listed on an exchange like any other stock
(NOT a mutual fund)
An international fund’s performance should be compared against…
an index of foreign stocks such as, the Morgan Stanley Capital International Europe, Australasia Far East (EAFE) Index
Unit Investment Trust
Investment company securities that are initially sold with a prospectus at the POP
- Sponsor makes a market in trust units & will buy back trust units from investors that wish to get out of them
- The sponsor then re-sells these “used” trust units for their remaining value to investors
A client invested $10,000 into a mutual fund, the client elected to reinvest all dividends. As a consequence of this…
the investor’s basis is increased by the amount of reinvested dividends
Corporations fixed assets?
- Plant/Factories
- Equiptment
Both a REIT & DPP are…
run by centralized management
Which of the following individuals would be considered a noninterested person in a mutual fund?
A) A person who holds a position with the fund’s underwriter
B) A shareholder who owns 10% of the fund’s shares
C) A member of the board of directors who is also employed as the investment adviser
D) A member of the board of directors who does not hold another position within the investment company
D) A member of the board of directors who does not hold another position within the investment company
The Investment Company Act of 1940 defines an interested person as someone employed by or who has a material business relationship with the fund, its adviser, or underwriter. Someone who owns 5% or more of the outstanding shares (an affiliated person) is also considered “interested.” Merely sitting on the board does not make someone an interested person. Thus, a director with no other relationship with the fund qualifies as a noninterested person.
