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nbrc pft practice > equipment operation > Flashcards

equipment operation Flashcards

1
Q

types of gas analyzer

A
  1. gas chromatograph/absorption
  2. mass spectrometer
  3. infrared absorption
  4. thermal conductivity analyzer
  5. geissler tube ionizer
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2
Q

what is the carrier gas in a gas chromatograph analyzer

A

usually helium but neon can be used if helium is being measured

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3
Q

gas chromatography

A

AKA Absorption

  • multiple gases
  • gases move though separator column different size molecules make gases exit at different rates
  • affected by water and co2
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4
Q

disadvantages of gas chromatograph

A

not fast or breath to breath

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5
Q

gas chromatograph measures what gases

A
  1. Ne
  2. CO
  3. Nitrogen
  4. oxygen
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6
Q

mass spectrometry

A

measuring the mass of each ass by drawing into ionization chamber with vacuum then shot out and distance determines mass

  • can analyze several patients at once
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7
Q

mass spectrometry advantages

A
  1. rapid response time
  2. breath to breath
  3. allows for multiple gas analysis
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8
Q

troubleshooting mass spectrometry

A

make sure all gas % = 100%

if not increase or decrease gain until 100% is reached

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9
Q

infrared absorption analyzer

A

quick response for diffusion

has a chopper motor

not affected by partial pressures

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10
Q

infrared absorption analyzer measures?

A
  1. carbon dioxide
  2. carbon monoxide
  3. methane
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11
Q

how do you calibrate infrared absorption analyzer

A

calibration will read 0% for room air then add 0.03% CO rezero then adjust gain

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12
Q

troubleshooting infrared absorption analyzer

A

long sample lines

moisture

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13
Q

thermal conductivity analyzer

A

AKA wheatstone bridge

helium goes through hot wires cooling them down changing resistance and current

do not use with flammable gases

helium dilution procedures

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14
Q

what does thermal conductivity analyzer measure

A

helium

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15
Q

Geissler tube ionizer

A

measures gas %

sample pumped into chamber where a light is emitted then the intensity of the light = % of nitrogen

provides breath to breath

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16
Q

Geissler tube ionizer measures?

A

nitrogen

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17
Q

trouble shooting geissler tube ionizer

A
  1. water though needle valve

2. leak

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18
Q

3 types of blood gas analyzers

A
  1. clark electrode
  2. servinghaus electrode
  3. sanz electrode
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19
Q

severinghaus electrode

A

measures co2

glass electrode which includes nylon spacer and Teflon membrane

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20
Q

clark electrode

A

measures PO2

not smooth- traps blood particles and needs cleaned with pummus

requires polarizing voltage

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21
Q

sanz electrode

A

reference electrode contains a KCl buffer solution with a known pH that is sealed and has a ceramic plug

has a constant electrical potential

silver-silver choloride wire

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22
Q

calibrating PCO2 and PO2 on Blood Gas analyzer

A

displayed in mmHg need to make %

PCO2- 5% low
10% high

PO2- 0% low
12 or 20% high

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23
Q

changing mmHg to %

A

(PB- Ph20) x % in decimal

(760- 47) x %

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24
Q

Troubleshooting Blood Ga Analyzers

A
  1. worn or ruptured membranes
  2. clot= use protein remover
  3. erratic reading= remembrance
  4. check solutions and gas cylinders
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25
Q

types of oxygen analyzers

A
  1. galvanic fuel cell

2. polarographic

26
Q

galvanic fuel cell

A

measures partial pressure displayed as FIO2

accuracy affected by water, high pressure, and altitude

replace the fuel cell if unable to calibrate

two point calibrate

27
Q

polarographic oxygen analyers

A

similar to galvanic except that it requires a battery

28
Q

tonometry

A

quality control

gas mixture equilibrated with buffer solution of blood sample

cost savings

29
Q

in a unidirectional valve if the patient can inhale but not exhale what does that mean

A

the exhalation valve was positioned incorrectly or backwards

30
Q

all breathing valves should have

A
  1. low deadspace
  2. low compliance
  3. low resistance
  4. easy to clean
31
Q

gas and water absorbers

A

co2 absorber (scrubber)

h20 absorber (desiccant)

32
Q

co2 absorber

A

aka scrubber

only necessary for tests that require rebreathing

if not in line for these tests- patient will complain of being hot and being tachypneic

changes co2 to water

33
Q

change co2 absorber when?

A
  1. .exhausted
  2. color change
  3. weekly
34
Q

h20 absorber

A

aka desiccant

gets rid of moisture
calcium sulfate

inline after co2 absorber

starts blue then changes to pink when needs changed

35
Q

placement of absorbers

A

co2
h2o
analyzer

36
Q

flow measuring spirometers

A

pneumotachometer

peak flow meter

37
Q

pneumotachometer

A

a device that measures flow and converts it to a volume display

38
Q

types of pneumotachometer

A

wright respirometer

pressure differential

thermal element

pilot tube

ultrasonic

39
Q

wright respirometer

A

accurate for flows of 3-300 L/min

should not be used for peak flow measurements

estimated volumes

40
Q

pressure differential

A

contains a resistive element that causes pressure to drop as gas flows across it

bundle of capillary tubes that are heated to keep moisture out

found in body box

41
Q

thermal element

A

heated platinum wire that cools as gas flows across it requiring an increased amount of current to maintain the temperature

decreased resistance (hole in mesh screen) will give false low readings

42
Q

pilot tube

A

disposable and portable

condensation and secretions will not affect

43
Q

peak flow meter

A

used to measure PEFR at bedside

exhale forcefully

great for asthma patients

low range= 300-400 (kids/elderly)
high range= 600-800 (normal healthy adult)

44
Q

volume measuring spirometers

A

directly measure volume then add time to create flow

45
Q

3 types of volume displacement spirometers

A

water seal

dry rolling deal

wedge bellows

46
Q

water seal volume spirometer

A

consists of large bell that is submersed in a column of water- will move proportionally as patient breathes in and out

47
Q

dry rolling seal

A

calibration done with a 3L syringe

most problems are related to potentiometer malfunction

can be used to assess pre and post bronchodilator changes

48
Q

wedge bellows

A

collapsible bellows that folds and unfolds as the patient breathes in and out

if measured volume increases while the wedge is positioned at zero with the gas inlet plugged- there a leak in the system

If there is a loss of volume checks for cracks or holes in bellows

49
Q

calibration of volume displacement spirometer

A

use a 3L syringe

50
Q

3L syringe

A

use to calibrate with daily

range- 2.9-3.1 L

51
Q

if calibrating with the 3l syringe and volume not in range

A

if higher than 3.1= potentiometer

bent bell

leak into the system

if lower than 2.9 then there is a leak

52
Q

rotameter

A

better method for reproducing flow rates for calibration

53
Q

pneumotachometers may become alinear as a result of

A

contamination
bent vanes
moisture
debris

54
Q

body box

A

based on boyles law if temp consistent

measures thoracic gas volume which is the same as FRC also measures Raw

55
Q

calibration of body box primarily involves three things

A

mouth pressures is verified with mercury or water barometer

flows are verified with a rotameter

box pressure is calibrated by using a sine-wave rotary pump

56
Q

ergometers

A

two types: arm and leg
used in exercise testing

decreased danger of fall
subject can stop at anytime
easier to obtain vitals and data recordings
results are independent of body weight since patient is sitting

57
Q

leg ergometer

A

beneficial for patients who have difficulty walking

pedaling freq and resistance can be adjusted by putting direct pressure on the fly wheel

58
Q

exercise testing treadmill

A

most common

walking natural motion

disadvantage- patient cannot stop exercising on their own, vitals are harder to obtain

59
Q

electrocardiograph

A

instrument used for recording the electrical activity of the heart

1 millivolt produces a 10mm vertical deflection

the speed of the recording should be 25 mm per second

60
Q

best leads for the ekg

A

limb lead- II

chest lead- #5

nbrc pft practice (3 decks)

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