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CLST 319 - Roman Army > Equipment > Flashcards

Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

Size of army - Early

A 
4000 men (40 groups of 1000 men)
- Mid 6th century BC
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2
Q

Size of army - Republic

A

4 legions of 4200 men each

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3
Q

4 lines of manipular army

- size of each line

A
  • Velites (1200 men)
  • Hastate (1200 men)
  • Principes (1200 men)
  • Triarii (600 men)
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4
Q

Army commanded by…

A

2 consuls who commanded 2 legions each

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5
Q

Change in organisation of manipular army

A

Originally based on wealth, later based on age

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6
Q

Changes from Early army to Republican

A
  • Looser formation
  • Creation of independent sub units
  • Javelins replaced spears
  • Sputum replaced hoplite shield
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7
Q

Velites equipment

A
  • Parma
  • Javelin
  • Sword
  • Helmet
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8
Q

Hastatii, principes, triarii equipment

A
  • Scutum
  • Sword
  • Shield
  • Helmet
  • Cuirass
  • Greave
  • 2 pila
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9
Q

Unique triarii equipment

A

Hasta

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10
Q

Maniples split into…

A

2 centuries of 60 men each

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11
Q

Centurio primi pili

A

Senior centurion of entire legion

- Occupies back right triarii

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12
Q

Size and organisation of cavalry legion

A
  • Legion: 300 horses
  • 10 Turnae: 30 horses each
  • Each turnae led by 3 decurions
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13
Q

Purpose of velites

A
  • Break up enemy formations and cause chaos for hastate to capitalise on
  • No officers or standards
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14
Q

Largest army Rome ever maintained

A

28 legions

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15
Q

Highest officer rank in Republican period

A

Tribunes

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16
Q

Tribunes had to be of _____ class

A

Equestrian

17
Q

Prefect in charge of allies

A

Prefecti sociorum

18
Q

Cohors

A

Group of allied soldiers in Republican period

19
Q

3 mercenaries

A
  • Cretian archers
  • Balaeric slingers
  • Numidian cavalry
20
Q

Virtus

A

Proving ones’ self in battle

21
Q

Disciplina

A

Ability to hold back from overly aggressive behaviour

22
Q

Marius’s changes to army

A
  • 100 BC
  • Removes requirement for people to own people in order to join army
  • Requires State to supply equipment for new soldiers
  • Velites disappears
  • Maniples become cohorts (2nd century BC until Caesar)
23
Q

Standardisation of legions

A
  • Legion: 10 cohorts of 480 men
  • Cohort: 6 centuries of 80 men
  • 4800 men
  • 3 lines
24
Q

4 types of formation

A
  • simplex acies
  • duplex acies
  • triplex acies (4, 3, 3)
  • quadruplex acies
25
Q

Progression of allies

A
  • Alae sociorum disappears in Empire
  • Allies become Roman citizens and join regular army
  • Increase in mercenaries
26
Q

Roman civil war

A
  • Began in 49 BC when Caesar crosses Rubicon

- Ends in 30/31 BC

27
Q

Caesar’s changes

A
  • Size of army increases
  • 60 legions (not all legions were full)
  • Cut corners on requirements to join
  • Non-citizens in regular army
  • Many people conscripted
  • Doubled 125 denarii salary to 225 denarii
28
Q

Augustus changes

A
  • Moves to standing army
  • 28 legions
  • Loses 3 legions in Germany - this 25 legion force becomes Western world’s first standing army
  • Volunteer army
  • Created severence package
29
Q

Imperial army

A

Legion: 5000 men

  • 10 cohorts per legion
  • 6 centuries per cohort (drops to 5 centuries)
  • 80 men per century
  • Legion led by legatus augusti legionis
30
Q

Officers of legion

A
  • 1 tribunes laticlavius
  • 5 tribunes angusticlavius
  • Equestrian family
31
Q

Prefect in charge of camp

A

Praefectus castrorum

32
Q

Punic War

A

264-261 BC

33
Q

4 things to know about Punic war

A
  • Hate powerful neighbours
  • Tired of competing with Carthage for trade
  • Generals trying make a name for themselves
  • Roman citizens love luxuries and spoils form conquered territories e.g. grain from Sicily
34
Q

Types of crown

A

Corona obsidianalis
- Given to general who saved the Roman army

Corona civica
- for saving a Roman citizen

Corona navalis
- man who first boarded enemy ship

Corona aurea
- centurion who kills enemy and holds battle

Corona muralis
- first to mount a wall

Corona vallaris
- first to get into enemy camp

35
Q

Republican service

A
  • 6 consecutive campaigns
  • 10 reserve
  • no severance
  • 125 denarii
36
Q

Imperial

A
  • 16 years service
  • 4 years reserve
  • 14*salary for 14 years
37
Q

Auxillary

A
  • no severance
  • gained citizenship
  • serve 25 years

CLST 319 - Roman Army (1 decks)

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