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Definition Deck > Equipment > Flashcards

Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

Mole

A

Amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012kg of carbon

6x 10^23 molecules

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2
Q

Ampere

A

SI unit of electric current

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3
Q

Hertz

A

1/time
Measure of frequency

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4
Q

Joule

A

Measure of work

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5
Q

Work

A

force x distance
pressure x volume

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6
Q

Power

A

Work over time, measured in Watts
Measured in joules / s

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7
Q

Basal metabolic rate

A

amount of energy liberated per unit time to maintain basal cellular function.

Normal BMR = 8000 kJ/day = 300KJ/hr

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8
Q

Calorie

A

approximate amount of energy needed to raise the temp of 1g of water by 1 degree at pressure of 1atm

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9
Q

Pressure conversion from 1atm

A

1atm = 101,3 kPa = 1,01 bar = 760mmHg = 1034 cmH20

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10
Q

Gas

A

a substance above the critical temperature

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11
Q

Vapour

A

A substance in the gaseous phase below the critical temp

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12
Q

Critical temp

A

temperature above which a gas cannot be liquified by addition of pressure

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13
Q

Critical temp of
O2
N2O

A

-119
-35.5

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14
Q

Critical pressure

A

pressure required to liquify a gas at its critical temperature

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15
Q

Pseudocritical temp

A

in a mixture of gases, the temp at which the mixture may separate out into its constituents

Entonox separates into N2O and O2 at <-5 degrees

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16
Q

Temperature

A

thermal state of a substance which determines the direction of heat transfer

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17
Q

Heat

A

total kinetic energy of a substance

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18
Q

Radiation

A

transfer of heat via infrared emission down a concentration gradient

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19
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat via a fluid or gaseous medium, caused by the increased movement and rising of warmer substance which is replaced on colder substance

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20
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat between 2 objects in direct contact

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21
Q

Evaporation

A

Transfer of heat via latent heat of evaporation

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22
Q

Specific Heat capacity

A

Amount of heat needed to raise the temp of 1kg of mass by 1 kelvin

4.18kK/kg/K for water

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23
Q

Partial pressure

A

pressure that would be exerted by one of the gases in a mixture if it occupied the same volume on its own

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24
Q

Latent heat of evaporation

A

energy that must be added to a substance to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas

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25
Q

Boiling point

A

Temp at which SVP of liquid = atm

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26
Q

Triple point

A

Temp at which gas, solid, liquid can co-exist in equilibrium

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27
Q

Saturated vapour pressure

A

Pressure exerted by the vapour on its liquid phase at equilibrium at a given temperature

28
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

At constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to volume

29
Q

Charle’s Law

A

At a constant pressure, volume is directly proportional to temperature

30
Q

Gay-Lussac’s Law

A

At a constant volume, pressure is proportional to temp

31
Q

Henry’s Law

A

Amount of gas dissolved in liquid is proportional to partial pressure of gas at the surface of liquid

32
Q

Dalton’s law

A

In a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of partial pressure of the individual gases

33
Q

Bernoulli effect

A

An increase in the flow velocity will be accompanied by a reduction in pressure

34
Q

Venturi effect

A

Constriction of a tube causes an increase in the flow velocity and thus the reduction in pressure

35
Q

Colligative properties

A

Properties that are affected by the osmolarity of the solute rather than the particles within.

SVP depression
Freezing point depression
Boiling point elevation
Increase osmotic pressure

36
Q

Force

A

mass x acceleration

37
Q

Gauge pressure

A

zero-referenced against ambient air pressure

38
Q

Filling ratio

A

Mass of fluid in cylinder divided by mass of water required to fill the cylinder at 15 degrees

39
Q

Filling ratio of N2O?

A

0.75 in UK
0.67 in hotter climates

40
Q

Absolute humidity

A

Mass of water vapour per unit volume of air at a specified temp and pressure

41
Q

Relative humidity

A

Percentage of absolute humidity over SVP of water at the given temp

42
Q

Absolute humidity of water at 37 degrees?

A

44g/M^3

43
Q

Dew point

A

Temperature at which the relative humidity is 100%

44
Q

Partition coefficient

A

ratio of the amount of a substance dissolved in 2 phases of equal volume at equilibrium

45
Q

Blood gas partition coefficient

A

ration of the amount of substance dissolved in blood and in gas of equal volume at equilibrium

46
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Minimum pressure needed to prevent flow of solvent across a semipermeable membrane

47
Q

Tonicity

A

Effective osmolarity
Measure of osmotic pressure gradient between 2 solutions

48
Q

Resting membrane potential

A

Potential difference across membrane at rest

49
Q

Nernst potential

A

the potential across the cell membrane that exactly opposes net diffusion of a particular ion

50
Q

Nernst potential of
K, Cl, Na

A

-90
-70
60 mV

51
Q

Concentration of intracellular K, Cl, Na

A

150mM
10mM
15mM

52
Q

Gibbs-Donnan effect

A

The effect of non-diffusible charged particles on the concentration of diffusible charged particles across a semi-permeable membrane

53
Q

Resistance unit

A

Wood Unit (mmHg/L/min)

54
Q

Impedance

A

opposition of flow of current in an AC circuit

55
Q

Determinants of impedance

A

Resistance - constant
Capacitance - increase with low frequency
Inductance - increase with high frequency
Frequency - capacitance and inductance vary with frequency

56
Q

Beer-Lambert Law

A

Absorbance is proportional to amount of substance and distance the light travels in the medium

57
Q

Paramagnetic

A

unpaired electrons in the outer orbital which are attracted in the direction of a magnetic field

58
Q

Attenuation

A

reduction in amplitude of ultrasound beam as a function of distance through imaging medium

59
Q

Refraction

A

Wave trajectory altered as it passes from one substance to another substance with a different acoustic impedance

60
Q

Acoustic impedance

A

Physical property of tissue that describes how much resistance an ultrasound beam encounters as it passes through the tissue

61
Q

Doppler effect

A

Change in apparent frequency of wave for receiver moving relative to source

62
Q

Fundamental frequency

A

Lowest frequency of a waveform
i.e heart rate in arterial line

63
Q

Natural frequency

A

Frequency at which a system will oscillate if it is set into motion and left alone

64
Q

Resonance

A

Tendency to increase the oscillating amplitude if the natural frequency is at a natural number multiple of the fundamental frequency

65
Q

Determinants of natural frequency

A

increase diameter
reduced compliance
reduced length
reduced density

66
Q

Damping

A

tendency to decrease the oscillating amplitude due to loss of energy within the system

Definition Deck (5 decks)

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