Equine Veterinary and Anatomy Terms Flashcards
Directions
Rostral - Toward the nose
Cranial - Toward the head
Caudal - Toward the tail
Dorsal - Toward the back
Ventral - Toward the belly
Ipsilateral - Same side
Contralateral - Opposite side
Medial - Toward the median plane
Lateral - Away from the median plant
Distal - Away from the attachment of the limb
Proximal - Toward the attachment of the limb
Superficial - Toward the surface
Deep - Away from the surface
Motion
Extend - Increase the angle formed by a hinge joint
Flex - Decrease the angle formed by a hinge joint
Abduct - Move the limb away from the body
Adduct - Move the limb toward the body
Lower Limb
Palmar - Front leg below the knee toward the back side of the leg
Volar - Front leg below the knee toward the back side of the leg
Plantar - Hind leg below the hock toward the back side of the leg
Solar - Ground surface of foot
The Foot
Long pastern, proximal phalanx, first phalanx, P1
Short pastern, middle phalanx, second phalanx, P2
Coffin bone, distal phalanx, third phalanx, P3
Carpus-Tarsus (Front leg-Back leg)
Knee - Carpus
Hock - Tarsus
Cannon bone or front leg - Third metacarpus
Cannon bone or hind leg - Third metatarsus
Medial splint bones - Second metacarpus/metatarsus
Lateral splint bones - Fourth metacarpus/metatarsus
Terms
Scapula - Shoulder blade
Humerus - Arm
Olecranon - Point of elbow
Radius and ulna - Forearm
Carpus - Knee
Metacarpus - Cannon and splints
Fetlock - Ankle
Pelvis
Hip joint
Femur
Patella
Stifle
Tibia
Hock
Metatarsals
Tendons and Ligaments of the Forelimb
Superficial digital flexor tendon
Deep digital flexor tendon
Check ligament
Suspensory ligament
Common digital extensor tendon
Lateral digital extensor tendon
Bottom of the Foot
Bulbs of the heel
Bars
Frog
Sulci or sulcus
Wall
Sole
White line
Arthritis
Inflammation of a joint
Prefix “arthro” - Joint
Suffix “itis” - Inflammation
High ringbone - Pastern joint
Low ringbone - Coffin joint
Spavin - Tartitis - Hock
Osselets - Ankle
Carpitis - Knee/carpus
Gonitis - Stifle
Coxitis - Hip
Joint - Articulation
Joint - Where two or more bones meet
– Hinge
– Ball and socket
– Suture
Ligament - Connects bone to bone
Tendon - Connects muscle to bone
Bursa - Fluid filled sac or saclike cavity
Cartilage - Covers the surface of joints
Terms
Pulmonary - Lungs
Gastro - Stomach
Intestinal - Intestines
Hepatic - Liver
Renal - Kidney
Cerebral - Brain
Encephalo - Brain
Myelo - Spinal cord
Cardio - Heart
Lympho - Lymphatics
Hemo - Blood
Hemato - Blood
Neuro - Nerves
Osteo - Bones
Myo - Muscles
Veno - Veins
Arterio - Arteries
Tendi - Tendon
Oculo - Eyes
Dent - Teeth
Auriculo - Ears
Derm - Skin
Lingual - Tongue
Buccal - Cheek
Encephalomyelitis - Brain and spinal cord
EEE - Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
WEE - Western equine encephalomyelitis
VEE - Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
Myeloencephalitis - Spinal cord and brain
Gastrointestinal - Stomach and intestines
A Normal Horse at Rest
Temperature - 100.5 F plus of minus 1.0 = 38 C
Heart rate at rest 28 to 40 bpm
Respiratory rate - 10 to 14 bpm
Capillary refill time (CRT) - Less than 2 seconds
– More than 2 seconds means poor circulation/dehydration
Mucous membrane color - Pink
– Pink - Good
– Red - Bad
– Blue - Bad
Intestinal sounds - Present
Attitude - Alert
Appetite - Good
Gait - Free and easy
Cancer Terms
Tumor - Swelling
Benign - Non-cancerous
Malignant - Cancerous
Carcinogen - Cancer causing agent
Teratogen - Capable of causing birth defects
Metastasis - Cancer spreading to other parts of the body
Horse Terms
Stallion - Sexually intact male
Gelding - Castrated male
Colt - Juvenile male
Mare - Adult female
Filly - Juvenile female
Donkeys
Jack - Male donkey
Gelding donkey - Castrated donkey
Jennet - Female donkey
Burro - Donkey
