Equine Musculoskeletal

Question 1

Which ONE of the following muscles is the BEST for purposes of biopsy diagnosis for type 2
polysaccharide storage myopathy?

A. Gluteal muscle
B. Epaxial muscle
C. Semimembranosus muscle
D. Sacrocaudalis dorsalis muscle

Answer 1

C. Semimembranosus muscle

Question 2

During an exercise test that is intended to identify a myopathic condition, plasma CK concentration is
measured at the zero time and again after HOW MUCH time has transpired since the conclusion of
exercise?

A. Immediately following exercise
B. 15‐30 minutes following exercise
C. 4 ‐ 6 hours following exercise
D. 24 hours following exercise

Answer 2

C. 4 ‐ 6 hours following exercise

Question 3

For what duration of time should a patient be exercised during an exercise test that is intended to
identify a myopathic condition?

A. 5‐10 minutes
B. 15‐20 minutes
C. 30‐40 minutes
D. About an hour

Answer 3

B. 15‐20 minutes

Question 4

Which one of the following abnormalities is most likely identified in a horse affected with synchronous
diaphragmatic flutter?

A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Hypermagnesemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypocalcemia

Answer 4

D. Hypocalcemia

Question 5

Which one of the following is the toxic compound associated with Seasonal pasture/atypical myopathy?

A. Hypoglycin A
B. Tannins
C. Cantharidin
D. Salinomycin

Answer 5

A. Hypoglycin A

Question 6

Which one of the following may promote the onset of a hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP) attack?

A. Timothy hay
B. Orchard hay
C. Bermuda hay
D. Alfalfa hay

Answer 6

D. Alfalfa hay

Question 7

Which one of the following is most likely to result in clinical signs associated with polysaccharide storage
myopathy (PSSM)?

A. Exercising
B. Stall rest
C. Low starch diet
D. High fat diet

Answer 7

B. Stall rest

Question 8

Which one of the following is the cause for hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP)?

A. Missense mutation of GBE‐1 gene
B. Sodium channelopathy
C. Single nucleotide polymorphism of GYS‐1 gene
D. Lack of dietary selenium

Answer 8

B. Sodium channelopathy

Question 9

Which of the following combination of treatments would be appropriate for management of an acute hyperkalemic episode?

a. Calcium IV, potassium IV, phenylbutazone IV
b. Sodium bicarbonate IV, calcium IV, glucose IV
c. Sodium bicarbonate IV, flunixin meglumine IV, calcium IV
d. Flunixin meglumine IV, phenylbutazone IV, dexamethasone IV

Answer 9

b. Sodium bicarbonate IV, calcium IV, glucose IV

Question 10

Sweeny is an example of which one of the following signs?

a. Increased muscle tone
b. Rhabdomyolysis
c. Neurogenic atrophy
d. Exercise intolerance

Answer 10

c. Neurogenic atrophy

Question 11

At what time period after an exercise test or other muscular exertion will aspartate aminotransferase (AST) peak?

a. 1-2 h
b. 4-6 h
c. 12-24 h
d. 24-28 h

Answer 11

d. 24-28 h

Question 12

Myotonia congenital most commonly affects which one of the following signalments?

a. Warmblood, <1 year old
b. Quarter Horse, <1 year old
c. Warmblood, >1 year old
d. Quarter Horse, >1 year old

Answer 12

b. Quarter Horse, <1 year old

Question 13

Type 1 polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) occurs due to an abnormality in which one of the following?

a. Glycogen synthase 1 enzyme
b. Ryanodine receptor
c. Dystrophin gene
d. Glycogen branching enzyme

Answer 13

a. Glycogen synthase 1 enzyme

Question 14

A 1-day-old Quarter Horse filly is observed to have milk dripping out of the nostrils and coughing. Upper airway endoscopy reveals nasopharyngeal and epiglottic paresis. The foal is most likely affected by which one of the following conditions?

a. Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
b. Glycogen branching enzyme deficiency
c. Polysaccharide storage myopathy
d. Esophageal obstruction

Answer 14

a. Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis