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Equine Anatomy > Equine Muscular System > Flashcards

Equine Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Head

What are the two main muscle groups in the head?

A

Mimetic (facial expression)

Masticatory (chewing)

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2
Q

Head

What do the major mimetic muscles control?

A

Eyelids, mouth and muzzle, cheeks and ears

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3
Q

Head

Which muscles close the eyelids?

A

Orbicular muscles of the eye

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4
Q

Head

Which muscles close the lips of the mouth?

A

Orbicular muscles of the mouth

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5
Q

Head

Which muscles control the ears?

A

Auricular muscles

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6
Q

Head

Which is the major masticatory muscle?

A

The masseter

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7
Q

Head

Which muscle opens the mouth?

A

Digastric muscle

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8
Q

Neck

What movement do the muscles in the lower portion of the neck allow?

A

Lowering the head

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9
Q

Neck

What is the name of the muscle which runs from the sternum to the head?

A

Sternocephalic muscle

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10
Q

Neck

Which muscle runs from the upper arm (brachium) to the head?

A

Brachiocephalic muscle

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11
Q

Neck

What motion does the Brachiocephalic muscle cause when the limb is loaded?

A

Lowering the head

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12
Q

Neck

What movement does the Brachiocephalic muscle cause when the horse is in motion?

A

Extension of the shoulder joint leading to protraction of the limb

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13
Q

Neck

Which two muscles form the boundaries of the jugular groove?

A

Sternocephalic and Brachiocephalic

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14
Q

Neck

What is the function of the Jugular Vein and where does it run?

A

Drains the blood from the head and neck to the heart

Jugular groove

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15
Q

Neck

What is the purpose of the muscles in the upper half of the neck?

A

Provide movement and stability to the neck and proximal forelimb

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16
Q

Neck

Which muscle runs from the withers to the back of the head and top 4 cervical vertebrae?

A

Splenius muscle

17
Q

Neck

What effect does contracting splenius have on the horse?

A

Raises the head and exerts a cranial pull on the withers, stabilising the back

18
Q

Neck

Which muscle runs from the upper thoracic vertebrae to the occipital process on the back of the skull?

A

Semispinalis Capitis muscle

19
Q

Neck

What effect does contracting the semispinalis capitis have?

A

Raises the head and moves it from side to side

20
Q

Thoracic Girdle and Back

What is the purpose of the muscles in the thoracic girdle?

A

Connect forelimbs to trunk (no direct skeletal link)

Transfer weight of trunk to forelimbs and move forelimbs

21
Q

Thoracic Girdle and Back

Which muscle runs from the cervical part of the neck and anterior ribs to the inner side of the scapula?

A

Serratus Ventralis muscle

22
Q

Thoracic Girdle and Back

What is the purpose of the Serratus Ventralis muscle?

A

Attaches forelimbs to trunk

Enables forward and backward movement of the forelimbs

Equine Anatomy (6 decks)

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