equine fluid therapy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the total body water fluid distribution in adult horses

A

60%

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2
Q

what is the total body water fluid distribution in foals

A

80%

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3
Q

what makes up TBW

A
extracellular fluid (1/3) 
intracellular fluid (2/3)
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4
Q

what are the major electrolytes in ECF and the components of ECF

A

sodium and chloride

components being: plasma volume, interstitial fluid, transcellular fluid

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5
Q

what are the major electrolytes in ICF

A

potassium and phosphorous

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6
Q

T/F fluid exchange mainly occurs between ICF spaces

A

false occurs between ECF

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7
Q

what are the osmotic forces in ECF

A

sodium and chloride, they create a strong gradient across membranes. ( due to water traveling from a low to high concentration)

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8
Q

what creates a strong force for maintaining fluid with in a space.

A

albumin ( this is oncotic force)

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9
Q

what opposes water leaving the intravascular space

A

hydrostatic forces

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10
Q

when you are severely dehydrated what will happen?

A

water moves from intracellular to extracellular, causing cells to shrivel up

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11
Q

what are the goals of fluid therapy

A
  • restoration and maintenance of hydration
    correction of electrolyte and acid/base abnormalities
    delivery of specialized fluid
    improvement of cardiovascular parameters
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12
Q

what are some indications for fluid therapy

A

dehydration, decrease water intake, NPO conditions
Inability to consume water (dysphagia)
GI abnormalities
Hemorrhage Diuresis/renal failure
pleuropneumonia/peritonitis
heat exhaustion Shock
replace electrolytes and correct acid base disturbances

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13
Q

when developing a fluid plan what must you consider (5)

A

volume, type, route(IV or enteral in horses), rate, reassess

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14
Q

what must volume determination account for

A

restoration of hydration
ongoing losses
maintenance fluid requirements

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15
Q

what is maintenance fluid in horses derived from?

A

the amount a horse will drink to maintain adequate hydration

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16
Q

what is the maintenance fluid rate for adult horses? ( include units!)

A

60ml/kg/day

this is the same for IV and enteral fluids

17
Q

what is the dehydration and perfusion determined by?

A

physical exam

it is supported by clin path

18
Q

T or F it is ok to have a horse be 15% dehydration and you can’t detect anything less than 10% dehydration.

A

false.

if greater than 15% it is not compatible with life and anything less than 5% is undetectable

19
Q

what are the clinical signs of a horse that is 5-7% dehydrated?

A

lethargy, dry MM, increased CRT, decreased urine production

20
Q

what are the clinical signs of a horse that is 8-10% dehydrated

A

weak pulse, prolonged jugular filling decreased skin turgor/prolonged skin tent, tachycardia
will also see: lethargy, dry MM, increased CRT, decreased urine production

21
Q

what are the clinical signs of a horse that is >10% dehydrated

A

cold extremities , may be recumbent, depressed, sunken eyes
Also:weak pulse, prolonged jugular filling decreased skin turgor/prolonged skin tent, tachycardia,lethargy, dry MM, increased CRT, decreased urine production

22
Q

what are some lab test that can support your diagnosis of dehydration

A

increased PCV/HCT
increased TP/ total solids concentration
Increased USG
Increased serum creatinine concentration

23
Q

what could falsely increase PCV without an increase in TP

A

splenic contraction

24
Q

if a horse is dehydrated what would cause the PCV and TP to be normal

A

anemia or hypoproteinemia

25
T or F TP concentration can be increased with neoplasia or infection
true
26
what is the calculation for determining the volume required to restore hydration
(BW in kg) x (%dehydration) = volume in L
27
what are some causes of internal fluid loses in horses
pleural effusion peritoneal effusion GI sequestration
28
the type of fluid you choose is based on what?
your assessment of the patient and the necessity to correct for electrolyte derangements ned to also choose one that can be given in the volume needed safely
29
what are the most common types of fluids and what do we administer them for
isotonic crystalloids | for restoration and maintenance or hydration, delivery of electrolytes, etc.
30
which fluids have an osmolality similar to plasma
isotonic crystalloids ( around 300mOsm/L)
31
what are some types of crystalloid fluids
lactated ringers normosol -R plasma-lyte A 0.9% NaCl
32
what questions do you need to ask yourself when choosing a type of crystalloid fluids
does the horse need particular electrolytes or do any need to be avoided does the horse need a fluid that is buffered or acidifying
33
what type of fluid must be followed by a large volume of isotonic crystalloid fluids and why?
Hypertonic saline | it draws fluids into the vascular compartment for 60 minutes
34
when would you give glucose supplementation in horses
in neonatal foals if glucose is <60mg/dL | rare in adults, but most common cause is hepatic lipidosis
35
glucose solutions greater than 5% are hypertonic and can cause what
thrombophlebitis
36
T or F glucose cannot supply a foals complete energy needs
true
37
in order to give fluids enteral what must you have and what can the horse not be doing
must have a functioning GI tract | cannot be refluxing