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Locomotion > Equine FL > Flashcards

Equine FL Flashcards

1
Q

What is a horse

A

The ultimate cursorially specialised mammal

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2
Q

Generally, how are its limbs specialised

A

Greatly incr efficiency of movement in the sagittal plane at the expense of versatility

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3
Q

Unguligrade

A

Horses

Weight borne on the tips of digits

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4
Q

Digitigrade

A

Cat/dog

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5
Q

Plantigrade

A

Bear/human

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6
Q

MC and distal limb adaptation to being unguligrade

A

3rd MC/T more robust and elongated.
Long slender distal bones
Short stout prox bones

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7
Q

Describe the shoulder girdle

A

Synsarcosis

No clavicle so incr rom of scap along thoracic wall

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8
Q

Describe the pelvic girdle

A

Large sacro pelvic angle

Sacro illiac joint is non rigid so rotation of pelvic girdle aids incr in stride length

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9
Q

Mechanics of movement +

A

M mass conc proximally so small movement give larger rom, incr distal limb speed, incr overall freedom by red distal limb mass.

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10
Q

Mechanics of movement -

A

Low mech advantage as large input produce smaller output
Incr distal struct vilnerability as little protection
Decr healing ability: less m so worse blood supply, less supportive soft tissue, incr movement and tension

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11
Q

BW distrib

A

60% FL

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12
Q

Good conformation boundaries

A

Front view: straight appearance. Straight line from pt of shoulder bisectting limb and hoof
Lat view: straight line from tuber spinae bisect limb cran-caud to fetlock. Pass just caud to hoof

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13
Q

Deviations of conformation

A

Incr stress and strain
Base narrow- more weight on outside of foot
Base wide- more weight on inside of foot

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14
Q

Scapula features

A

Prominent palpable tuber spinae
Large scap cartilage
No acromium

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15
Q

Large scap cart fx

A

Attach of m of pect girdle

Part of withers

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16
Q

No acromium implication

A

Sweeney

Suprascap n vulnerable - infra and supra spin m waste

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17
Q

Humerus features

A

Greater and lesser tubercles with cran and caudal parts
Intertubercle groove with intermed ridge
Biciputal bursa and tendon of bb m
Cylindrical condyle distally

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18
Q

Antebrachium features

A

Fused ulna and rad

No sup or pronation

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19
Q

Carpus organisation

A

7/8 bones in a prox and distal row
R I U A
(1) 2 3 4

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20
Q

ACB

A

Palpable, non weight bearing, laterally flattened, bandaging consideration

21
Q

MC features

A

MCIII/cannon bone has distal condyle with a median sagittal ridge - split pastern
Splint bones with palpable buttons

22
Q

Susp lig composition

A

Fibrous
Ossify with age
Become inflam and new bone form cause bony swelling leads to splints (often MCII)

23
Q

Digit

A

P1 long pastern/prox phalanx

P2 short pastern/middle phalanx

P3 pedal/coffin bone/distal phalanx

Nav bone/distal ses bone (bear DDFT over DIP)

24
Q

Shoulder joint features

A

Spheroidal
Mostly sagittal mivement
Lots of m mass supporting so v stable joint
Active collat ligs - tendons of infra spin and subscap (insert on greater and lesser tubercles)
Scap-hum joint is large and capacious synov struct
Bicipital bursa

25
Q

Elbow joint features

A

Hinge with sagittal movement
Palpable hum epicondyles with collat ligs to radial eminences
Olecranon- triceps insert
Radioulnar artic ossify befoe adulthood

26
Q

Med collat lig of elbow special feature

A

Long cran part - pronator teres remnent

27
Q

Carpus joints

A

Compound
Antibrachiocarpal most mobile
Middle carpal
Carpometacarpal no movement

28
Q

Carpus capsules

A

Common fibrous

Synov separate. ABC doesn’t comms other do

29
Q

Close packed carpal bones fx

A

(Dorsally) give stability at rest
Inhib over extension
Drive together at fast gaits so fracture risk

30
Q

Carpal ligs

A

Collat ligs
Many intermed attachments
Accessoriometacarpal lig (palpable) ACB to MC
Palmar carpal lig - smth skel and origin of ALDDFT
Flexor retinac - bind down flexor tendons

31
Q

Carpal tunnel/canal

A

ACB
Palmar carpal lig
Flexor retinac

32
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joint features

A 
Hinge
Large rom
Big joint and big joint capsule (dors and palmar pouches
Collat ligs MC3 to P1 
Susp app
33
Q

Pip

A

Less rom than fetlock
Dors and palmar pouches
Collat ligs
Abax and ax palmar ligs (P1 to P2 fibrocart)

34
Q

DIP

A

Similar rom to pip
Dorsal and palmar joint capsule pouches
Comms with nav bursa

35
Q

Nav bone ligs

A

Bilat susp lig suspend from P1
Impar lig to P3
T lig to P2

36
Q

Susp lig features

A 
O: dist carpal bones amd proc MC3
M:coll varies more coll with age
Prev plantigrade
Bifurcate in dist MC3 
Dorsal extensor branches join to CDET
37
Q

Ses ligs

A 
O: base of prox ses bones
I: P1 (short cruciate and oblique
P2 fibrocart (straight)
38
Q

Annular ligs

A

Bind flexor tendons to palmar fetlock and pastern
Fascial thickenings- palmar
Prox digital
Dist digital
Distinct in parts and merge with CT/ synov sheaths in others

39
Q

Extensors

A

CDET to P3
LatDET to P1
Lie on craniolat aspect
O: lat hum epicondyle

40
Q

Flexors

A 
SDFT to P1 and P2
AL from dist rad
DDFT to P3
AL from palmar carpal lig
Lie on caudo med 
O: med hum epicondyle
41
Q

Subclavius m

A

Part of pectoral grp

42
Q

Pronator and supinator mm

A

Absent

43
Q

BB m

A

Internal tendon carrying on as lacertus fibrosus (taut when standing and join with tendon of extensor carpi radialis)

44
Q

Passive stay app fx

A 
Prev limb collapse with min effort
Prev shoulder and elbow flex
Carpal flex/hyper extend 
Fetlock/pastern extend
Stabilise joints to oppose collapse
45
Q

Passive stay app contain

A 
TB long head - elbow
BB - shoulder
Lac fibrosus - carpal shoulder
Carpal bone packing - carpal
DFTs + ALs - fetlock
Susp app - pip and fetlock
46
Q

Bursae fx

A

Protect against pressure
Subtend/lig
Subcut

47
Q

Tendon sheath fx

A

Lubricate to red friction
Esp DFT
Carpal digital and tarsal

48
Q

Joint capsule features

A

Can have capacious recesses and pouches

Locomotion (1 decks)

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