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Equine GIT > Equine Colic > Flashcards

Equine Colic Flashcards

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1
Q

List signs of mild colic pain

A 
Inappetance
Restlessness
Weight shifting
Flank watching
Stretching out
Posturing to urinate
Laying down
Intermittent pawing
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2
Q

List signs of moderate pain RE colic

A 
Continuous pawing (front foot)
Head tossing
Penile protrusion
Yawning
Fleming
Up and down
Dog sitting
Kicking at abdomen
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3
Q

Signs of severe pain

A

Violent pawing
Violent rolling
Collapsing/throwing themselves on the ground
Refusal to stand up from lateral recumbency

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4
Q

Yawning in horses is a sign of improper function of what system …

A

Liver disease, usually when they yawn consistently

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5
Q

Signs of abdominal pain can be related to abdominal or extra abdominal. Further the “abdominal” causes.

A

Can be GIT or other abdominal organ. From the GIT, it may relate to distension, ischaemia or inflammation.

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6
Q

List some sites of origin for GIT pain

A

Stomach, SI, large colon, small colon, rectum

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7
Q

WIth GIT pain, there are three major fields of causation. These are Ischaemia, inflammation and ______. List the third one and explain

A

Distension

- Can be due to abnormal gas production or obstruction, where obstructions can be functional or physical

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8
Q

List an example of a functional reason for distension of an organ involved in the GIT

A

Impaired motility

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9
Q

What are the two types of physical obstructions resulting in distension within an organ related to the GIT?

A

Intraluminal (impaction; conglomeration of dehydrated ingests), foreign material

Extraluminal (kinked pipe)

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10
Q

Causes of abdominal pain in horses involve three major categories as a result of GIT pain. These are Distension, inflammation and _________. List an example of this third cause

A

Ischaemia, strangulation

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11
Q

Causes of abdominal pain result from 3 major categories when originating from the GIT tract. These are distension, ischaemia and __________. What is the missing cause?

A

Inflammation

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12
Q

Pain can originate from other abdominal organs. How common is this, and what are these other abdominal organs?

A

Less common

  • Hepatic pain
  • Renal pain
  • Urinary system pain (urolithiasis)
  • Peritoneal pain
  • Reproductive system pain
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13
Q

Pain is originating from the reproductive system in this case. Two of the likely causes in this pregnant mare include:

A

Uterine torsion, dystocia.

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14
Q

Pain is originating from the reproductive tract in this stallion. List one example of a condition causing this.

A

There are many, but testicular torsion is a possibility.

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15
Q

Extra-abdominal disease can be misinterpreted as colic. Conditions that present similarly are (starting with your number 1 DDX)

A

Musculoskeletal system: laminitis (no.1 differential)
Nervous system: Hendra virus,botulism
Liver disease: Hepatic encephalopathy
Respiratory: pleuropneumonia (pleural pain)
Cardiovascular: heart failure
Immune system: Shock, vasculitis
Metabolic: hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis, hypocalcaemia

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16
Q

Not eating is the earliest sign of …

A

Hendra, and probably a heap of other shit

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17
Q

Compare the ligaments in a ruminant holding the rumen in place compared to those holding the colon in place in horses

A

There are none holding the colon in place. It is attached on the right hand side.

18
Q

Explain the poor design of the GIT

A

U turns (pelvic flexure), bottlenecks (pelvic flexure, caecocolic valve), freely moveable intestines (mesentery)

19
Q

Why are horses so frequently affected by GIT disease resulting in colic?

A 
Hindgut fermenter (large fermentation fat), unable to educate from this.
DOmestication (changed diet, changed use/housing/management)
Poor GIT design (pelvic flexure, caecocolic valve, freely moveable intestines).
20
Q

How do we apply a problem oriented approach to horses with signs of abdominal pain?

A 
History
Physical exam
Diagnostic tests
Treatment options
Prognosis
21
Q

What are the minimum data requirements for consult scheduling?

A

Age, sex, breed,
Hendra vax status
Primary complaint (summary of signs owner observes)
- Duration
- Severity
Medications admin.
Pertinent changes in management or history

22
Q

What are the most important questions to ask in regards to the history of colic patients

A 
Recent CHANGES
- Diet, housing, level of exercise, water intake, weather
Nutrition
- Grain, concentrates, hay (quality)
The Ds: dentistry & deworming
Medication
- NSAIDs, Antibiotics
Patient disease history
- Previous colic episodes
Other animals affected
23
Q

When looking at age, regarding to the signalment of your history taking, what parasites and pathogens might we expect to cause disease in a young animal?

A

Par ascaris equorum

24
Q

What is the difference in survival rates for geriatric horses?

A

None. Age is not a disease you asshole

25
Q

How does age affect faecal egg counts?

A

It doesn’t you asshole

26
Q

Which breed commonly gets enteroliths?

A

Arabian

27
Q

Which breed commonly gets faecolyths?

A

Miniature ponies

28
Q

In terms of Sex and relating to the reproductive tract, females may get … (3) relating to colic

A

Uterine torsion, ovarian disease, pregnancy

29
Q

What is overolethal white syndrome?

A

Ileocolonic aganglionosis, born with no nerves applying the ileum/colon

30
Q

How does reproductive status relate to colic?

A

Uterine torsion in late gestation

Colon displacement/torsion post-partum

31
Q

By definition, Colic …

A

Is a collection of clinical signs observed and interpreted as evidence of pain originating from within the abdominal cavity.

“Any disease process that causes abdominal pain”

32
Q

What’s the first point of focus regarding the physical exam of a colic case?

A

Evaluate signs

  • Does the horse have colic or signs mimicking colic?
  • Is the colic the primary problem
33
Q

What’s the difference between hyperthermia and raised body temperature?

A

Hyperthermia is the body trying to bring the temperature down. Raised temperature includes causes such as fever, where the target is to kill infection.

34
Q

What’s the normal T, HR, and RR of a horse?

A

37-38.5
36 +/- 10
12 +/- 4

35
Q

What are the key items in the physical exam?

A 
Attitude
HR
RR
MM colour and refill
Temp
GIT sounds
36
Q

What would you include in your “further” as opposed to “initial” physical exam

A 
Abdominal profile/distension
Abdominal auscultation
Percussion
Assessment of hydration status
Secondary complications
37
Q

What might a “tight” abdominal profile/distension point you towards

A

Gas distension

38
Q

What might an “asymmetrical” abdominal profile/distension point you towards

A

Displacement

39
Q

What might “sand sounds” on abdominal auscultation point you towards?

A

Gas filled caecum diagnosed with percussion

40
Q

How can you assess hydration status?

A

Jugular fill, MM moisture, skin tent

41
Q

What are the goals of the physical exam?

A

Baseline values to monitor response to treatment
Determine degree of CV compromise
Assess for secondary complications
Aid in diagnosis of cause of abdominal pain

Equine GIT (1 decks)

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