Equine Anatomy Flashcards
What is Addison’s Disease?
A disease in which an insufficient amount of corticosteroids are secreted by the adrenal gland; also known as hypoadrenocorticism.
What is Azoturia?
An excessive amount of muscle tissue breakdown. Causes pain, swelling, and a reluctance to move. Also known as tying-up (exercise-induced myositis) and Monday Morning sickness, because the condition most often appears in fit horses that were vigorously exercised following a period of rest. May also result in increased nitrogen in the urine.
What is Broken Winded?
Term used to describe horses having an abnormal breathing pattern due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Also known as heaves.
What is Botulism?
A rare disease caused by a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum; it targets the neuromuscular nerve endings; often occurs from eating decayed material that contains the toxin.
What is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diesease? Also known as COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Brought on by allergies and characterized by abnormal breathing pattern and reduced tolerance to exercise; also known as heaves.
What is a Coggins test?
A blood test for Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA). Horses that test positive may be required by the state of occupancy to be destroyed or permanently quarantined. See also EIA.
What is Colic?
General term describing abdominal pain in the horse. Ranges in severity from mild to life threatening. A veterinarian should always be consulted in case of suspected colic.
What is Congential?
An abnormal condition that an animal possesses at birth, such as hernia.
What are Cracked Heels?
Inflammation of the heels, resulting in cracked skin and discharge of pus.
What is Curb?
Thickening of the tendon or ligament below the point of the hock, resulting from a strain.
What is Cushings Disease?
A disease in which an excessive amount of corticosteroids are secreted by the adrenal gland, representing the most common endocrine disorder of horses.
What is Degenerative Joing Disease (DJD)?
Also known as Degenerative Arthritis. Term for a group of disorders resulting in progressive deterioration of the articular cartilage of a joint, accompanied by bone proliferation around the joint margins and thickening of the soft tissues of the joint; also called degenerative arthritis.
What is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
A bleeding disorder characterized by the excessive utilization of blood-clotting factors, due to widespread clotting within blood vessels; the resultant excessive bleeding can cause death. This can occur as a complication in a number of diseases.
What is Distemper?
Highly contagious disease caused by the bacteria Streptococcus equi; also known as Strangles.
What is a Dropped Sole?
Downward rotation of toe of coffin bone inside hoof due to chronic founder or laminitis
What is Dryland Distemper?
Disease, also known as Pigeon Fever which causes abscesses on the chest and belly.
What is Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis (EEE)
Viral disease causing inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, caused by eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus, Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus, or Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus; also known as sleeping sickness.
What is E.I.A?
One of the most important viral diseases of horses, caused by a retrovirus; it is a chronic infection resulting in a persistent (lifelong) carrier state with periodic exacerbations of anemic illness; also called swamp fever. See also Coggins test.
What is EPM?
Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis. Neurological disorder caused by a protozoa that invades the spinal cord, causing a variety of symptoms attributed to nerve damage - stumbling, loss of coordination, muscle atrophy, etc.
What is EPSM?
Equine Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy. Muscle wasting condition seen in Draft horses and other breeds.
What is Equine Influenza?
Highly contagious viral respiratory disease of horses caused by subtypes (A1 and A2) of equine influenza virus. Can be transmitted by aerosol from horse to horse over distances as far as 30 yards (for example, by snorting or coughing).
What is Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis?
Bacterial disease, often fatal; also known as Potomac horse fever.
What is Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis?
Inflammatory disorder of the brain and spinal cord, caused by a protozoan organism.
What is Equine Viral Arthritis?
Contagious viral disease of horses causing fever, ocular and respiratory signs, fluid distension or swelling of the limbs, and abortion.
What us Equine Viral Encephalomyelitis?
Viral disease causing inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, caused by eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus, Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus, or Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus; also known as sleeping sickness.
What is Favor?
To limp slightly
What is Firing?
Treatment in which the skin over a leg injury is burned with a hot iron to produce scar tissue.
What is Fistulous Withers?
Inflammation of the bursa at the height of the withers. May become infected and result in foul-smelling discharge.
What is Founder?
Inflammation of the laminae of the foot, which serve to attach the coffin bone to the hoof wall; also known as laminitis
What is Go Short?
To take short steps, indicative of lameness
What is Grease?
Inflammation of the skin at the back of the fetlock and pasterns. Seldom seen now, but does occur in horses pastured on wet grass. Can be likened to diaper or nappy rash in babies.
What are Heaves?
Term used to describe the abnormal breathing pattern seen in horses with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), or broken winded. Also a common name for COPD.
What are Hives?
Allergic reaction characterized by bumps or wheals on the skin. More properly called Urticaria.
What is HYPP?
Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis. Genetic muscular disorder causing muscle weakness and tremors, sweating and difficulty in breathing. Can be traced back to the Quarter Horse stallion, Impressive.
What is an Impaction Colic?
Colic resulting in blockage of the intestine; can result from excessive consumption of grain or lush pasture, or ingestion of foreign material.
What is Joint III
Disease in foals caused by bacteria that enter the body through the navel, resulting in infection that spreads to the joints and causes inflammation, pain and heat.
What is Lameness?
A defect detected when the animal favors the affected foot when standing. The load on the ailing foot in action is eased and a characteristic bobbing of the head occurs as the affected foot strikes the ground.
What is Lamintis?
Inflammation of the laminae (the inside lining of the hoof) of the foot, which serve to attach the coffin bone to the hoof wall; also known as founder.
What is Lampas?
Swelling of the hard palate in a horse’s mouth. Sometimes seen in young horses as they transition to hard feed and grain.
What is Laryngeal Hemiplegia?
Partial paralysis of the larynx causing difficulty in breathing and a characteristic noise, known as roaring as the horse breathes.
What is Lyme Disease?
Disease caused by the spirochetal (corkscrew shaped) bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. It is most commonly transmitted by the bite of deer ticks.
What is Lymphangitis?
Condition in which the lymphatic system, usually in the hind legs, becomes swollen and painful. Seen in working horses on full feed that have to be confined to their stall for some reason, such as severe weather or illness.
Whats is Monday Morning Sickness?
Common name for Azoturia, or Tying Up
What is Melanoma?
Growth or tumor often seen in gray or white horses. May or may not be malignant.
What is Navicular Disease?
Degeneration of the navicular bone, usually on the back surface where the deep flexor tendon passes over the bone. Causes pain and lameness.
What is a Nerve Block?
Diagnostic tool in which the veterinarian progressively blocks the nerves of the hoof and leg in order to determine the seat of a lameness.
What is Neurectomy?
Cutting of nerves supplying sensation to the foot. Also known as de-nerving. Used as a treatment in cases of navicular disease.
What is Potomac Horse Fever?
Bacterial disease, often fatal; also known as equine monocytic ehrlichiosis.
What is Rabies?
Inevitably fatal viral disease, primarily of bats and carnivores, characterized by neurological dysfunction; caused by a rhabdovirus.
What is Rain Rot?
Painful, skin inflammation caused by the Dermatophilus organism, characterized by patches of raised hair and hair loss and crusty exudate.
What is Rhinopneumonitis?
Two distinct viruses, equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and equine herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4), cause two different diseases, both of which are known as rhinopneumonitis. Both cause respiratory tract problems, and EHV-1 may also cause abortion, foal death, and paralysis. Infected horses may be feverish and lethargic as well as lose appetite and experience nasal discharge and a cough. Young horses suffer most from respiratory tract infections and may develop pneumonia secondary to EHV-1.
What is Ringbone?
Disorder characterized by new bone growth adjacent to either the pastern or coffin joints; caused by tearing of the ligaments stabilizing the joint. High ringbone describes bone growth around the pastern joint, while low ringbone describes bone growth around the coffin joint.
What is Ringworm?
Contagious fungal disease characterized by small circular patches in which the hair falls out.
What is Roaring?
Characteristic abnormal noise on inhalation, heard in horses with Laryngeal Hemiplegia.
What is Rotavirus A?
A infectious viral foal diarrhea?
What is Sand Colic?
Colic resulting when horses are fed on the ground in areas where the soil is sandy, or when they develop the vice of eating soil.
What is Scours?
Name given to diarrhea in foals
What is Scratches?
Scabby, oozing skin inflammation on the back of the pasterns, just above the heel.
What is Seedy Toe?
Separation of the hoof wall from the sensitive laminae, often caused by neglecting the feet. Sometimes accompanies laminitis.
What is Shivers?
Abnormal hind leg gait seen in draft horses in which the horse flexes one or both hind legs and tremors can be seen in the large muscles in the upper leg. Thought to be caused by EPSM.
What is Sidebone?
Ossification of the lateral cartilage on either side of the coffin bone within the hoof.
What is Sleeping Sickness?
another name for equine viral encephalomyelitis.
What is a Spavin?
Name given to degenerative arthritis of the lower joints of the hock, characterized by a bony swelling that can be felt on the front and inside of the hock.
What are Splints?
Injury to one or both of the metacarpal or splint bones, which run up the back of the cannon bone. Stress or strain can cause the ligaments attaching these bones to the cannon bone to pull and tear, causing heat, swelling and lameness. Eventually additional bone is laid down on the site of the injury, leaving behind a bony swelling.
What are Strangles?
Extremely important, highly contagious bacterial disease of young horses caused by Streptococcus equi; characterized by inflammation of the throat area, with swelling, inflammation, and abscess formation in the associated lymph nodes; also known as distemper.
What is Swamp Fever?
Another name for Equine Infectious Anemia
What is another name for Tetanus?
Acute, often fatal disease caused by a neurotoxin from the bacterium Clostridium tetani, and characterized by violent muscle spasms and contractions, hyper reflexive responses, and “lockjaw”; horses are highly sensitive to the action of tetanus neurotoxin.
What is Thrush?
Degenerative condition of the frog of the foot, characterized by infection and blackening of the affected area; usually occurs in horses housed under unsanitary conditions.
What is Tying Up?
A mild form of Azoturia
What us Urticaria?
Allergic reaction characterized by bumps or wheals on the skin. More commonly called hives.
