Equine Flashcards
define a ‘dysmature’ foal
born post-term but small. Also called “small for gestational age”, these foals are thought to have suffered placental insufficiency in-utero.
define a ‘postmature’ foal
a post-term foal that with normal axial skeletal size but is thin to emaciated. may also exhibit the characteristic signs of prematurity. hair coat is generally long, and the teeth may have erupted in utero.
what is the most common cause of a postmature foal?
Most commonly born to mares ingesting endophyte-infested fescue
gestational length of the mare
310 days to more than 370 days
define a ‘premature’ foal
birth at
A 5-year old Arabian mare is presented. The owner is not happy. This same horse was treated for strangles 2 weeks ago, and now the mare is sick again.
The horse has a 48-hour history of urticarial wheals on its skin that progressed to sharply demarcated edema of the muzzle, eyes, belly and limbs. She reacts as if it is painful when the edema is checked .
The horse breathes heavily, with stridor, dyspnea and diarrhea.
There is petechiation and ecchymoses on the mucous membranes and the muzzle is a reddish, mulberry color.
T=102.2 F (39 C)..[N=99-101.3 F, N=37.2-38.5 C]
HR=32 bpm……….[N=28-40]
RR=12 brpm………[N=10-14]
What is the clinical diagnosis?
purpura hemorrhagica
History of strangles, Streptococcus equi equi followed 2 weeks later by a mixed clinical picture(ie: afebrile, purpura, painful edema, respiratory difficulty, diarrhea or colic) is a classic presentation for Purpura hemorrhagica.
Most common cause is sensitization to Strep equi from strangles or Strep equi bacterin vaccine. Less commonly see after Equine influenza, or chronic suppurating wounds. Due to immune complexes damaging vasculature.
Three big differentials for horses with edema
“Big 3 are PEE” Purpura, EIA, EVA.
What is the most common cause of maxillary sinusitis in a horse?
Guttural pouch mycosis Dentigerous cyst Brachygnathia Tooth root abscess Foreign body
Tooth root abscess
The correct answer is tooth root abscess. Commonly the first molar teeth are involved. Clinical signs include weight loss, quidding (dropping half chewed feed), halitosis, swelling, and unilateral purulent nasal discharge.
