Equilibrium (Unit 3, Ch 2) Flashcards
the state a reaction reaches when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal
Dynamic equilibrium
the energy stored within chemical substances is referred to as its chemical energy or heat content
Enthalpy
~ the reaction is incomplete - it does not consist of only products
~ bonds are being broken and re-formed constantly; particles never stop moving
~ the rates of the forward reaction and reverse reaction are equal
The reaction reaches a state of dynamic equilibrium
a measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and therefore a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
pH
= - log10[H+] and [H+] = 10^-pH
pH equation
states that if an equilibrium system is subjected to a change, the system will adjust itself to partially oppose the effect of the change
Le Chatelier’s Principle
concentration and temperature
Factors changing equilibrium
concentration increase = net forward reaction ->
Adding a reactant
concentration increase = net backward reaction
Adding a product
concentration decrease = net backward reaction
Removing a reactant
concentration decrease = net forward reaction ->
Removing a product
energy + reactants = products
Endothermic reactions
reactants = products + energy
Exothermic reactions
Increase in temperature = increase in products
Endothermic
Increase in temperature = decrease in reactants
Endothermic
