Equilibrium and resting potential

Question 1

does the rate of diffusion change as we increase the number of particle?

Answer 1

No, it is about the same rate

Question 1

the greater difference in concentration the more __________ _______ needed to meet equilibrium

Answer 1

electrical force

Question 2

what does Nersnt equation measure?

Answer 2

electrical potential at electrochemical equilibrium

Question 3

originally which ions is more likely to be inside cell?

Answer 3

K+

Question 4

originally which ions is more likely to be outside cell?

Answer 4

Na+, Cl-

Question 5

which helps ion to pass through membrane?

Answer 5

channels

Question 6

why does ions move back and forth but not staying after they move to one side?

Answer 6

concentration force might cause them to move to one side, but the equal number of ions is attracted back by electrical force

Question 7

what is the estimate electric potential of K (EK+) ?

Answer 7

~-85mV

Question 8

what is the estimate electric potential of Na (ENa+) ?

Answer 8

~+55mV

Question 9

what is the estimate electric potential of Cl (ECl-) ?

Answer 9

~ -66mV

Question 10

what happen when Driving force is large and Permeability is large?

Answer 10

ions can move normally through membrane

Question 11

what happen when Driving force is small and Permeability is large?

Answer 11

ions can still move through membrane due to large permeability & regardless of small driving force

Question 12

what happen when Driving force is large and Permeability is small?

Answer 12

large driving force favor the movement of ions across membrane but small P restrict amount pass through
-> not many ions can pass through

Question 13

action potential?

Answer 13

quick electrical signal in nerve cells travel along axon which allow message to send to body

Question 14

3 characteristics of action potential

Answer 14

• travel over long distance
• high fidelity
• rapid transmission

Question 16

3 states of action potential

Answer 16

• depolarization
• repolarization
• hyperpolarization

Question 17

membrane potential becomes more positive compared to the resting membrane potential

Answer 17

depolarization

Question 18

membrane potential that was previously depolarized is brought back to the resting potential

Answer 18

repolarization

Question 19

membrane potential becomes more negative compared to the resting membrane potential

Answer 19

hyperpolarization

Question 20

which channels that axon has?

Answer 20

only potassium channel

Question 21

how does the gradient distribute in K+ channel?

Answer 21

more polarization near the source than downstream

Question 22

activation gate of Na+ channel open at?

Answer 22

depolarization

Question 23

inactivation gate of Na+ channel open at?

Answer 23

repolarization

Question 24

activation gate of Na+ channel closed at?

Answer 24

repolarization

Question 25

inactivation gate of Na+ channel closed at?

Answer 25

depolarization

Question 26

what is self-limited of Na channel?

Answer 26

automatic open & close with the influence of membrane potential

Question 27

which gate of Na+ channel is slower?

Answer 27

inactivation channel

Question 28

what factor determine the open/close of the voltage-gated channel?

Answer 28

by membrane potential of the cell

Question 29

how to calculate driving force on ion?

Answer 29

driving force = membrane potential - equillibrium potential of ion

Question 30

how to calculate current of ion?

Answer 30

current (I) = driving force x permeability

Question 31

activation gate of K+ channel open at?

Answer 31

depolarization

Question 32

activation gate of Na+ channel close at?

Answer 32

repolarization

Question 33

which voltage gated channel is faster?

Answer 33

Na+ gated channel is faster

Question 34

which period where it is impossible to generate another action potential?

Answer 34

absolute refractory period

Question 35

which period that is still possible to generate another AP because the voltage-gated has recover from inactivation?

Answer 35

relative refractory period

Question 36

what is action potential propagation?

Answer 36

transmission of an action potential along the length of axon

Question 37

what happen when AP trigger at one place?

Answer 37

trigger cascade events= depolarize in adjacent regions

Question 38

when does relative refraction period occur?

Answer 38

follow after absolute refraction period