Equilibrium Flashcards
The 6 properties of chemical equilibrium:
- rate of forward reaction = rate of reverse reaction
- concentrations of products and reactants are constant (not equal)
- all species are present at equilibrium
- can only be attained in a closed system
- can be attained from either direction
- is dynamic
Define dynamic equilibrium.
Macroscopic properties (like concentrations) are constant and the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
What is physical equilibrium?
Physical equilibrium involves a change in state.
Define position of equilibrium.
The relative amount of reactants and products in a system.
What is Le Chatelier’s Principle for temp?
Increase in temp: p.o.e. shifts in endothermic direction.
What is Le Chatelier’s Principle for pressure?
Increase in pressure: p.o.e. shifts to the side with fewer GAS molecules.
What is Le Chatelier’s Principle for concentration?
Increase in concentration of a species: p.o.e. shifts away from that species.
What is the equilibrium constant and what is it affected by?
The equilibrium constant provides information about how far a reaction proceeds at a given temperature.
It is affected by temperature alone.
Impact of increasing temperature on equilibrium constant (endothermic).
Endothermic: Kc increases as temp increases.
Impact of increasing temperature on equilibrium constant (exothermic).
Exothermic: Kc decreases as temperature increases.
What the value of Kc means.
If Kc»_space; 1: the reaction proceeds almost entirely towards the products.
If Kc «_space;1: the reaction barely proceeds towards the products.
Relationship between Q and Kc.
If Q=Kc, the system is at equilibrium.
If Q>Kc, the reaction must proceed towards the reactants to reach equilibrium.
If Q
