Equilibrium Flashcards
What is equilibrium?
A state where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.
What is the equilibrium constant expression for a general reaction?
For: aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD
Kc = [C]^c [D]^d / [A]^a [B]^b
What is the relation between Kp and Kc?
Kp = Kc (RT)^(Δn), where Δn = moles of gaseous products - moles of gaseous reactants.
What is Le Chatelier’s Principle?
When a system at equilibrium is disturbed, it shifts to counteract the change.
How does pressure affect equilibrium?
Increasing pressure favors the side with fewer gas molecules.
What are strong and weak electrolytes?
Strong electrolytes – Completely dissociate in solution (e.g., HCl, NaOH, NaCl).
Weak electrolytes – Partially dissociate in solution (e.g., CH₃COOH, NH₄OH).
What are Arrhenius acids and bases?
Acids: Release H⁺ ions in solution.
Bases: Release OH⁻ ions in solution.
What is the pH formula?
pH = -log[H⁺]
What is the ionic product of water?
Kw = [H⁺] [OH⁻] = 1 × 10⁻¹⁴ at 25°C.
What is a buffer solution?
A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
What is solubility product (Ksp)?
The product of the molar concentrations of ions in a saturated solution.
What is the common ion effect?
The suppression of ionization of a weak electrolyte by adding a strong electrolyte with a common ion.
What happens when Q > Ksp?
Precipitation occurs.
What happens when Q < Ksp?
More solute dissolves.
What is equilibrium?
A state where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.
What is the equilibrium constant expression for a general reaction?
For: aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD
Kc = [C]^c [D]^d / [A]^a [B]^b
What is the relation between Kp and Kc?
Kp = Kc (RT)^(Δn), where Δn = moles of gaseous products - moles of gaseous reactants.
What is Le Chatelier’s Principle?
When a system at equilibrium is disturbed, it shifts to counteract the change.
How does pressure affect equilibrium?
Increasing pressure favors the side with fewer gas molecules.
What are strong and weak electrolytes?
Strong electrolytes – Completely dissociate in solution (e.g., HCl, NaOH, NaCl).
Weak electrolytes – Partially dissociate in solution (e.g., CH₃COOH, NH₄OH).
What are Arrhenius acids and bases?
Acids: Release H⁺ ions in solution.
Bases: Release OH⁻ ions in solution.
What is the pH formula?
pH = -log[H⁺]
What is the ionic product of water?
Kw = [H⁺] [OH⁻] = 1 × 10⁻¹⁴ at 25°C.
What is a buffer solution?
A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
