Equilibrium Flashcards
Closed System
A system where there is no exchange of matter (but allows energy to be exchanged) with the surroundings (the system is completely sealed).
Open System
A system where matter and energy can easily escape into the surrounding environment.
Physical change
Changes that affects the structure or state of a substance. They are usually reversible.
Chemical Change
Occurs when a substance breaks down into its chemical constituents and forms new bonds with other atoms. It causes new substances to be formed. Only some chemical changes are reversible
Dynamic Equilibrium
Occurs in reversible reactions where both the forward and backward reaction are proceeding at the same rate
Reversible reactions
A reaction in which the conversion of reactants to products and the conversion of products to reactants occur simultaneously
Le Chatelier’s Principle
States that is a change is made to a system at equilibrium, the position of the equilibrium will shift in the direction which will counteract the change
Acids
Substances that can donate protons (hydrogen ions)
Bases
Substances that can accept protons (hydrogen ions)
Monoprotic Acid
The name given to acids that can only donate one proton
Polyprotic Acid
The name given to acids that can donate more than one proton
Brownstead Lowry Model
States that any compound that transfers a proton to any other compound is an acid, and the compound that accepts the proton is a base.
Buffers
A special type of solution that doesn’t greatly change its pH when an acid or base is added to it
Strong Acids
A substance that fully dissociates into ions when it is dissolved in water, resulting in a higher concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution. Such acids are more likely to donate their protons.
Conjugate acid-base pairs
When an acid loses a proton, it turns into a base, and when a base gains a proton, it turns into an acid. This results in conjugate acid-base pairs.
