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Chem Mr D > Equilibrium > Flashcards

Equilibrium Flashcards

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1
Q

Reversible reaction symbol

A

⇌

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3
Q

What does hydrated copper sulfate look like?

A

Blue crystals

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4
Q

What does anhydrous copper sulfate look like?

A

White powder

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5
Q

What does anhydrous mean?

A

No water

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6
Q

Hydrated copper sulfate formula

A

CuSO4.5H2O

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7
Q

Dynamic equilibrium definition

A

Forwards and backward reactions in a closed system are simultaneous

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8
Q

Closed system definition

A

Nothing can get in your out

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9
Q

What happens to concentration at dynamic equilibrium?

A

They are constant not equal

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10
Q

What is static equilibrium?

A

No movement

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11
Q

What is new dynamic equilibrium?

A

Rate down is the same as rate up but in a new position

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12
Q

What is le Chatelier’s principe?

A

If the conditions of a system at equilibrium are changed, the position of equilibrium moves to oppose the change

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13
Q

What does le Chatelier’s principe do if the system gets hotter?

A

Equilibrium position moves to left in endothermic direction to oppose the increase in temperature + decrease the equilibrium yield of (element)

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14
Q

What does exothermic do to the system?

A

Makes it hotter

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15
Q

What does endothermic reaction make the system?

A

Colder

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16
Q

What happens if the delta h is negative?

A

Forward reaction is exothermic ( gives out energy )

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17
Q

What happens if the delta h is positive?

A

Forward reaction is endothermic

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18
Q

What does more gas particles mean?

A

More pressure

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19
Q

What happens if pressure increase in regards to equilibrium?

A

Equilibrium position moves to the right side with fewer molecules to oppose the increase in pressure + increases equilibrium yield of (element with more molecules)

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20
Q

What happens if concentration increases in regards to equilibrium?

A

Equilibrium position moves to right to oppose increase in concentration + increase equilibrium yield of (element)

21
Q

What are the 2 types of compromise conditions?

A

Haber process

Contact process

22
Q

What is the Haber process?

A

an artificial nitrogen fixation process and is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia today

23
Q

What is the Haber process delta h value?

A

-76 Kjmol -1

24
Q

Haber process calculation?

A

N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3

28
Q

What is the contact process?

A

modern industrial method of producing sulfuric acid; it has largely replaced the chamber, or lead-chamber, process

29
Q

What is the contact process delta h value?

A
  • 196 Kjmol -1
30
Q

What are the conditions used in the contact process?

A

150 kPa
450 degrees
V2O5 catalyst

31
Q

Making nitrous oxide calculation?

A

N2O4 ⇌ 2NO2

+ 55 Kjmol -1

32
Q

What is a reagent?

A

Substance in a bottle

33
Q

What is a reaction?

A

Part of the reagent that reacts

34
Q

What is kc?

A

The equilibrium constant

35
Q

What does the kc show?

A

How far a reaction will proceed

36
Q

What is kc NOT affected by?

A

Concentration
Pressure
Catalyst

37
Q

What is kc affected by?

A

Temperature

38
Q

What is the equilibrium law?

A

aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD
capitals- products
lower case- numbers

39
Q

Equilibrium constant equation

A

Kc = products / reactants

40
Q

Equilibrium constant equation using letters

A

Kc= [C]c [D]d / [A]a [B]b

41
Q

How are the units of kc affected?

A

Depends on exact equilibrium expression

Can be unit less

42
Q

Does adding a catalyst affect equilibrium position?

A

No but it does speed up reaction

43
Q

What is the units if there is one [] on the bottom?

A

mol-1dm3

44
Q

What is the units if there is one [] on the top?

A

moldm-3

45
Q

What are the steps of ice?

A

Initial moles
Change in moles
Equilibrium in moles

46
Q

What is the contact process calculation?

A

2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3

48
Q

What are the conditions used in the haber process?

A

450 degrees
20 Mpa (20000 kpa)
Iron catalyst
Recycle unused reactants

49
Q

What are the haber process values used for?

A

A compromise between rate + yield

50
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

100 kPa

Chem Mr D (8 decks)

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