Equilibrium Flashcards
define dynamic equilibrium
condition in a closed system
when rate of forward + backward reactions in a reversible reaction mixture are equal
define homogeneous equilibrium
same states of matter in a reaction
define heterogeneous equilibrium
different states of matter in a reaction
what happens in a reversible chemical reaction at equilibrium
forward + backward rates of reaction at equal rates
concentration of reactants + products remain constant
how does a catalyst affect equilibrium
catalyst increases rate of forward + backward reactions at the same time/equally
how does increasing concentration effect equilibrium
equilibrium shifts to side with lower conc
to reduce conc
how does increasing pressure effect equilibrium
equilibrium shifts to side with lower gas particles
to reduce pressure
how does increasing temp effect equilibrium
equilibrium shifts to endothermic side
to reduce temperature
what do catalysts do and don’t effect
effect
rate forward+ backward reactions equally
doesn’t effect
yield
position of equilibrium
conditions for making ethanol
pressure - 50 atm
Temperature - 300 c
Catalyst - (phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
increased temp on ethanol production, forward reaction is exothermic
equilibrium shifts left to right
produces more ethanol
lowers temperature
effect of low temperature
lower rate of reaction
so compromise between yield + rate
effect on increased pressure, reactants have fewer gas particles
equilibrium shifts left to right
more ethanol produced
reduced pressure
higher pressure increases…
rate of reaction
why can’t pressure be too high
expensive as more robust vessel + pipes needed
compromise between yield/speed + cost
