Equilibria Flashcards
Many reactions are…
Reversible
When do reversible reactions attain a state of dynamic equilibrium?
When the rates of the forward and backward reactions are equal
When can dynamic equilibrium only be attained?
In a closed system where no products can escape, or reactants be added
What happens to the concentration of reactants and products at equilibrium?
Concentrations of reactants and products remains constant but are rarely equal
How does increasing the concentration of reactants effect equilibrium?
Increasing concentrations of reactants shifts the equilibrium to the right/products side
How does increasing the pressure effect equilibrium?
Increasing the pressure shifts the equilibrium in the direction which results in a decrease in the number of miles of gas reactant or product
How does increasing the temperature effect equilibrium?
Increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium in the direction of the endothermic reaction
How do catalyst effect equilibrium?
Catalysts don’t shift the equilibrium position, but allow equilibrium to be reached quicker
Why are reaction conditions changed in industry?
So that product yield is maximised at the lowest cost
What has to happen in industrial reactions?
A balance had to be reached between shifting the equilibrium position towards products, and reaching the equilibrium position as quickly as possible
Why does the position of equilibrium?
The position of the equilibrium of a system changed to minimise the effect of any imposed change in condition
How does increasing the concentration of reactants effect the position of equilibrium?
Equilibrium position to right, more product is formed
How does reducing the concentration effect the position of equilibrium?
Shifts the equilibrium position left, reforms reactants
How does removing products effect the position of equilibrium?
Shifts the equilibrium position right, more product is formed
How does adding product effect the position of equilibrium?
Shifts the equilibrium position left, more reactant is formed
