Equilibria Flashcards
Describe the dehydration of hydrated copper(II) sulfate
If you heat blue copper sulphate crystals gently, the blue crystals turn to a white powder and water is driven off Heating causes the crystals to lose their water of crystallisation, and white anhydrous copper sulfate is formed.
Anhydrous copper sulfate is used to test for the presence of water. If you add water to the white solid, it turns blue and gets very warm.
Describe the effect of heat on ammonium chloride
If you heat ammonium chloride, the white crystals disappear form the bottom of the tube and reappear further up. Heating ammonium chloride splits it into the colourless gases ammonia and hydrogen chloride.
These gases recombine further up ht tube, where it is cooler
What is meant by “dynamic equilibrium”?
A dynamic equilibrium is when the forward rate = backward reaction so the concentration of both reactants and products is constant.
Predict the effects of changing the pressure and temperature on the equilibrium position in reversible reactions
Pressure: If you increase the pressure, the reaction will respond by reducing it again. It can reduce the pressure by producing fewer molecules to hit the walls of the container. If there are the same number of molecules on both sides of the equation, changing the pressure will have no effect to the position of equilibrium.
Temperature: If you increase the temperature, the equilibrium will move to lower it again by favouring the endothermic change. If you decrease the temperature, the equilibrium will move to produce more heat to counteract the change you have made by favouring the exothermic change.
