equilibria Flashcards
what are reversable reactions
reactions that go in both directions
the reactants form the products and the products form the reactants
what is the general formula of reversable reactions
A + B ⇌ C + D
give an example of a reversable
hydration and dehydration of
copper(II) sulfate.
what does changing the conditions in a reaction influence
the overall direction of the reaction and so the relative amounts of reactants and products.
what is the difference between an open, closed and isolated system with exampels
open - both matter and energy are free to enter and leave the system. antacid
tablet fizzing in water
Closed - only energy can enter or leave the system. Flask closed
with stopper
Isolated - neither matter or energy can enter or leave. Cooler box of
polystyrene to keep the
contents at a constant
temperature
what is equilibrium
a state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the backward reaction
what system can equilibrium be in
it can only be achived in closed systems
what are the steps to reach equilibrium
- reactants placed in closed system
- start to react, amount of reactants decrease and products increase as they start forming
- forward reaction slows
4.the reverse reaction starts to speed up - both the forward and reverse reaction occur at the same rate, after some time, and dynamic equilibrium is reached
what is true about the concentrations at equilibrium
unchanging
what is false about concentrations at equalibrium
there is the same concentration of reactants and products
what is Le chatelier’s principle
When a change is applied to a
system at equilibrium, the
equilibrium will shift to
counteract the change.
what happens to equilibria if you add a catalyst and why
No change to equilibria because catalysts previde an alternate route for BOTH forward and reverse reactions to take place with less activation energy. meaning there is no change to concentration and no shift in equilibrium
how does concentration effect equilibrium
equilibrium will shift towards the reactant when the concentration of product increases,less product is formed and the concentration of reactant increases as the concentration of product decreases. and vice versa
how does temperature effect equilibrium
If the temperature of a closed system at equilibrium is
increased, the equilibrium shifts to favour the endothermic
reaction to reduce the
temperature. vice versa
how does changing the pressure effect equalibrium
if the pressure is increased, the equilibrium shifts towards the
side of the fewest molecules of gas to reduce the pressure.
