equilibria Flashcards
What are the two features of a dynamic equilibrium?
-the forward and backward reactions are occurring at the same rates.
- the concentration of the reactants and products stay constant.
What is position of equilibrium?
If the position of equilibrium favours the reactants then it shifts towards the left, if it favours the products then it shifts towards the right.
What is Le Chatelier’s principle?
It is used to find out how changing external conditions such as temperature and pressure on the position of equilibrium.
What is effect of temperature on equilibrium?
If the temperature is increased the equilibrium will shift to oppose and move in the endothermic reaction to try to reduce the temperature by absorbing heat. Vice versa.
What is the effect of pressure on equilibrium?
Increasing pressure will cause the equilibrium to shift towards the side with fewer moles of gas to oppose the change and thereby reduce the pressure.
If the number of moles is the same on both sides then will changing pressure have any effect?
no
Do low temperatures give a high or low yield?
Low temperature may give a higher yield of product but will also result in a slow rates of reaction.
Does increasing pressure give a high yield?
Increasing pressure may give a high yield but also may result in a faster reaction
What is the effect of concentration on equilibrium?
Increasing the concentration causes the equilibrium to shift to oppose this and move in the opposite direction to remove and decrease the concentration.
What is the effect of catalysts on equilibrium?
A catalyst has no effect on the position of the equilibrium but it does fasten the rate at which equilibrium is achieved.
What is the importance of equilibrium to industrial processes ?
Low temperatures gives good yield but slow rate ; compromised temperature used. High pressure gives good yield and high rate : too high pressures would lead to high energy costs.
