equilibria Flashcards

1
Q

What are two conditions for a reversible reaction in a closed system to be in equilibrium?

A
  1. rate of forward reaction = rate of reverse reaction2. concentrations of products and reactants no longer changing
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2
Q

State the symbol equation for the production of ammonia in the Haber process. Include state symbols.

A

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) <-> 2NH3 (g)

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3
Q

What are the typical conditions in the Haber process?

A
  • 450 degrees C
  • 200 atm (or 20 000 kPa)
  • iron catalyst
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4
Q

State the symbol equation for the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide in the Contact process. Include state symbols.

A

2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) <-> 2SO3 (g)

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5
Q

What is the following equation?N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) <-> 2NH3

A

production of ammonia in Haber process

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6
Q

What is the following equation?2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) <-> 2SO3 (g)

A

conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide in the Contact process

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7
Q

What are the typical conditions in the Contact process, to convert sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide?

A
  • 450 degrees C- 2 atm- vanadium pentoxide catalyst
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8
Q

What is the source of hydrogen in the Haber process?

A

methane

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9
Q

What is the source of nitrogen in the Haber process?

A

air

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10
Q

What is the source of sulfur dioxide in the Contact process?

A

burning sulfur or roasting sulfide ores

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11
Q

What is the source of oxygen in the Contact process?

A

air

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12
Q

What are some substances used as or contained in fertilisers?

A

-ammonium salts and nitrates
-nitrogen
-phosphorus
-potassium

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13
Q

What can ammonium salts be used for?

A

fertiliser

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14
Q

What can nitrates be used for?

A

fertiliser

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15
Q

What do NPK fertilisers do?

A

provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for improved plant growth

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16
Q

what happens when hydrated cobalt(II) chloride is heated

A

it loses its water of crystallisation and turns into anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride

17
Q

what happens when anhydrous blue cobalt(II) chloride crystals are added to water

A

turns pink

18
Q

what happens when anhydrous copper(II) sulphate is added to water

A

turns blue

19
Q

what happens when you increase concentration in a reversible reaction?

A

favor forward reaction

20
Q

what happens when you decrease concentration in a reversible reaction?

A

favor reverse reaction

21
Q

what happens when you increase temperature in a reversible reaction?

A

favor the endothermic reaction

22
Q

what happens when you decrease temperature in a reversible reaction?

A

favor exothermic reaction

23
Q

what happens when you increase pressure in a reversible reaction?

A

favor side with less moles

24
Q

what happens when you decrease pressure in a reversible reaction?

A

favor side with more moles

25
Q

what happens when you decrease or increase a catalyst in a reversible reaction?

A

rate of reaction increase but there is no effect on the actual equilibrium