Equations To Remember Flashcards
Density equation
D = m/V
equation with initial and final mass and volume
M1V1 = M2V2
Ideal gas law equation
PV = nRT
equation for the amount of heat gained or lost
q = m×s×∆T
M = mass ; s = specific heat ; Delta T = change in temperature
gas law having to do with pressure, volume, and temperature in initial and final amount
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
q (system) is equal to…
-q (surroundings)
gibbs free energy equation
∆G = ∆H + T∆S
∆H = change in enthalpy (heat)
∆S = Change in entropy
∆G = Change in gibs free energy
equation for gibbs free energy in relation to temperature
∆G = -RT ln K
Equation for gibbs energy using standard cell potential
Δ G = -nFEcell
n = number of moles transfered in the reaction
F = Faradays constant
Ece
equation for standard cell potential
Ecell = (.0592/n)log K
Delta H equation for a chemical reaction
∆Hº = Σn∆Hºf(products) - Σn∆Hºf (reactants)
Delta G equation for a chemical reaction
∆Gº = Σn∆Gºf(products) - Σn∆Gºf (reactants)
Delta S equation for a chemical equation
∆Sº = Σn∆Sº(products) - Σn∆Sº (reactants)
equation for increase in boiling point
∆Tb = KbCm
Kb = constant
Cm = concentration given
equation for freezing point depression
∆Tf = KfCm
Kf = constant
Cm = concentration given
What does Kw equal in an entire solution?
[H3O+][OH-] = Kw = 1.0×10-14
pH, and pOH equations
pH = -log[H3O+]
pOH = -log[OH-]
pH + pOH = ….
14.00
pH equation in relation to pKa
pH = pKa + log ([Base]/[Acid])
Ka x Kb =
Kw
equation for change in energy
ΔE=Δm⋅c^2
Δm = change in mass
c = speed of light
equation for rate
Rate=k⋅Nt
k = rate constant
Nt= concentration of the reactant or the number of par
Half life of first order equation
t1/2 = ln(2)/k
Half life of zero-order equation
t1/2 = [A]0/2k
half life in second order equation
t1/2 = 1/k[A]0
equation to calculate Fahrenheit from Celsius
F = (9/5 x C) + 32
equation to calculate celsius from Fahrenheit
C = 5/9 (F - 32)
The root mean square velocity of a molecule or atom equation
U = square root (3RT/Mm)
Molar mass must be in kg/mol
Energy of a photon equation
E = hc/ lambda
E = hv
h = planks constant
c = speed of sound in a vacuum
Lambda = wavelength
v = frequency
Change in energy (delta E) equation
= - Rh (1/nf^2 - 1/ni^2)
Rh = Rydberg’s constant
n = energy levels
In terms of h, c, and change in energy what is the equation for lambda?
Lambda = hc/|delta E|
List all the strong acids
HCLO4
H2SO4
HI
HBr
HCL
HNO3
Equation for molecular speed
Square root of (3RT/Mm)
Molar mass is in KG/L
R= 8.3145
Equation for molar mass from ideal gas law
Mm = dRT/P
Internal energy equation
Delta U = q + w
Equation for work with pressure and volume
W = -p • delta V
p = pressure
Delta V = change in volume
Equation for heat (q) with heat capacity and temperature
q = C • delta T
C = heat capacity
Delta T = change in temperature
Equation to find the vapor pressure, heat of vaporization, or temperature. It’s called the Clausius-clapeyron equation
ln(P2/P1) = (delta H vap/R)(1/T1 - 1/T2)
R = 8.3145 j/mol k
Delta vap MUST be in j/mol
Change in internal energy equation
Delta U = Delta H - P delta V
Delta H = change in heat
P = pressure
Delta V = change in volume
Integrated rate law in 0th order
[A]t = -kt + [A]0
Integrated rate law in 1st order
ln([A]t/[A]0) = -kt
Integrated rate law in 2nd order
1/[A]t = kt + 1/[A]0
Half life equation for 0th order
[A]0/2k
Half life equation for 1st order
.693/k
Half life equation for 2nd order
1/(k[A]0)
Solubility and pressure equation
S2/S1 = P2/P1
Kp equation in relation to Kc
Kp = Kc (RT)^delta n
Delta n = (c+d) - (a+b)
