Equations to know

Question 1

Flow

Answer 1

Flow ∝ ∆P/R → as pressure difference increases flow increases, as resistance increases flow decreases

Question 2

Flow rate

Answer 2

Flow rate = volume of blood that passes a given point per unit time (L/min, how much)

Question 3

Velocity of flow

How is capillary velocity slow?

Answer 3

v (velocity) = Q/A (Q = flow rate, A cross sectional area of a tube)

Velocity of flow = distance a fixed volume of blood travels in a given period of time (how fast)

Capillaries have the greatest resistance (smallest r) which should increase velocity but because total cross-sectional area of capillaries is large, reduces velocity of blood flow so that material exchange can occur

Question 4

Cardiac output equation

Answer 4

CO = stroke volume x heart rate

Question 5

Frank-Starling law of the heart:

Answer 5

stroke volume ∝ EDV (larger venous return → stronger contraction to eject more blood)

Question 6

Poiseuille’s law:

Answer 6

R = 8L(η/r4) or R ∝ Lη/r4

Resistance is proportional to length and viscosity and inversely to radius^4

Question 7

Pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure equations

Answer 7

Pulse pressure = systolic - diastolic

Mean arterial pressure = (systolic + diastolic + pulse pressure)/3

Question 8

Transcytosis:

Answer 8

Transport of large solute from one side of capillary in vesicle to other in continuous capillaries

Permanent pore formation in fenestrated capillaries

Question 9

Dalton’s law:

Answer 9

total pressures = sums of all partial pressures

Question 10

Boyle’s law

Answer 10

P1V1=P2V2

pressure exerted by a gas or mixture of gases in a sealed container is created by the collisions of moving gas molecules with the walls of the container and with each other.

Question 11

Chemical reaction for the conversion of CO2 to HCO3- and enzyme

Answer 11

CO2 + H2O -> HCO3- + H+ by carbonic anhydrase (CA)