Equations Flashcards
In a two by two table, what is on the top and what is on the side.
top, x = disease = the d
side, y = test or exposure
Starting from the top left to the bottom right, what is the order of true positives and true negatives in a 2x2 table?
TP, FP FN, TN = a,b c,d
Sensitivity equation and blank rate
a/a+c
true positive rate
snaac
Specificity equation and blank rate
d/d+b
true negative rate
Positive predictive value
a/a+b
Negative predictive value
d/d+c
Odds ratio equation and used in what type of study? Mnemonic?
a/c
—– = ad/bc
b/d
Or add because
used in case-control studies
Odds ratio interpretation/ used in what type of study?
OR > 1 Means that exposure is associated with higher odds of the outcome
OR < 1 Means that exposure is associated with lower odds of the outcome
OR = 1 means No difference between exposure and Outcome
Used in case control studies
Relative risk equation and used in what type of study?
c/c+d
Used in cohort studies
Relative risk meaning: RR < > & =
RR>1 Means increased risk of outcome
RR<1 Means decreased risk of outcome
RR=1 Means no risk of of outcome
Relative risk reduction
1 - relative risk
=
1 - ((a/a+b)/(c/c+d))
Absolute risk = probability of an event ____/ given ____ period
probability of an event occurring/ given time period
Absolute risk reduction
c/c+d - a/a+b
Number needed to treat
1/absolute risk reduction
1/(c/c+d - a/a+b)
Attributable risk/ Absolute risk increase
a/a+b - c/c+d