Equations Flashcards

1
Q

Average Orbital Speed

A

Avg Orbital Speed = 2 x pi x radius of orbit / orbital period

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2
Q

Age of Universe

A

Distance / speed
1/Hubble Constant
14.4 billion years

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3
Q

Hubble Constant

A

Hubble constant = speed of galaxy/distance of galaxy from earth

H0= v/d

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4
Q

Alpha decay

A

Number of protons and neutrons decrease
238/92U=234/90Th + 4/2a

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5
Q

Beta Decay

A

Number of protons increase by 1
14/6C=14/7N + 0/-1B

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6
Q

Nuclear Fission

A

Splitting large ,unstable nucleus
235/92U + 1/0n = 91/36Kr + 143/56Ba + 2 1/0n + 0/0y

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7
Q

Nuclear Fusion

A

Joining of small nuclei
2/1H + 1/1H = 3/2He + 0/0Y

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8
Q

Gamma decay

A

No change
A/ZN = A/ZN + 0/0Y

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9
Q

Power Loss from Wire

A

Power loss = Current ^2 x resistance
P=I^2R

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10
Q

Transmitting Electricity

A

IpVp=IsVs
Primary current x Primary voltage = Secondary Current x Secondary Voltage
IpVp= power input at primary coil
IsVs=power output at secondary coil

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11
Q

Transformer Equation

A

Vp/Vs = Np/Ns
Input(primary)voltage/output(secondary)voltage = number of turns on primary coil/number of turns on secondary coil

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12
Q

Equation that links two resistances with the potential difference across them

A

R1/R2 = V1/V2

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13
Q

Potential difference in parallel circuits

A

Vsource = V1 = V2

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14
Q

Current in parallel circuit

A

Isource = I1 + I2 + …

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15
Q

Combined Resistance of parallel

A

1/Rtotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2

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16
Q

Potential difference in series

A

Vsource= V1 + V2 + …

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17
Q

EMF

A

EMF sources add up eg 1.5V + 1.5= 3V

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18
Q

Resistance in Series

A

Rtotal= 2+3 = 5 Ohms

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19
Q

Current in Series

A

I1 = I2
Current same everywhere

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20
Q

Energy transferred in electricity

A

Electricity transferred (kWh) = Power(kW) x Time(h)

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21
Q

Cost of energy

A

Cost (p) = E x Price
Cost(p) = Energy Transferred(kWh) x Price per kWh(p per kWh)

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22
Q

Electrical Power

A

Electrical Power (W) = Current(A) x Potential Difference(V)
P=IV

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23
Q

Energy Transferred

A

Energy transferred = Current x Potential Difference x Time
E=IVt

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24
Q

Resistance

A

Resistance (Ohms) = Potential Difference(V)/Current(A)
R = V/I

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25
Current,Charge,Time
Current(A)=Charge(C)/Time(s) I=Q/T
26
Work Done,PD,Charge
Potential Difference(V) = Work Done(J)/Charge(C) V=W/Q
27
EMF,work done,charge
EMF(V)=Work done(J)/ Charge(C) E=W/Q
28
1 Hz =?
1 wave per second
29
Refractive Index and law of reflection
n = sini/sinr
30
Critical Angle
n = 1/sinc
31
Law of Reflection
Sini=Sinr
32
Critical Angle,light in material,light in vacuum
Refractive Index = Speed in vacuum / Speed in material
33
Ultrasound
>20kHz
34
Wave speed,wavelength ,frequency
Wave speed (m/s) = frequency(Hz) x wavelength (m) V = F x h
35
Specific Heat Capacity
Change in energy = specific heat capacity(J/kg°C) x mass(kg) x temperature change E=MC x Change in T
36
Specific Latent Heat
E=ML Energy Transfer = Mass x Latent Heat(J/kg)
37
Constant Temp,Decreasing volume,increase pressure
PV = Constant
38
Pressure,Temperature
P1/T1 = P2/T2 Pressure1/Temp 1 =Pressure2/Temp2
39
Boyle’s Law
Pressure1 x Volume1 = Pressure2 x Volume 2 P1V1=P2V2
40
Liquid Density
Change in Pressure (Pa) = density of liquid(kg/m^3) x gravity(N/kg) x Change in depth(m) Change P = d x g x change h
41
Pressure
Pressure(Pa)= Force(N)/ Area(m^2) P= F/A
42
Efficiency
Efficiency = Useful energy output / total energy input x 100
43
Efficiency pt2
Efficiency = Useful power output/total power input x 100
44
Work Done,energy transfer,time
Power = Work Done / Time P=W/T
45
Power,energy transferred,time
Power = Energy Transferred/Time P=E/T
46
1 Watt
Equals 1J
47
Mechanical Work Done
Mechanical Work Done = Force x Distance moved = Energy transferred mechanically W=Fd=Change in energy W=Fd
48
Work Done
Equal to energy transferred
49
Kinetic Energy Store
Kinetic Energy = 1/2 Mass(kg) x speed^2(m/s^2) Ek=1/2mv^2
50
Change in Gravitational potential energy
Change in Gravitational Energy = Mass(kg) x Gravity(N/Kg) x change in height E=mgh
51
Falling objects
Energy lost from gpe store = energy gained in the kinetic energy store
52
Impulse
Impulse (Ns) = Force(N) x time (s) = Change in momentum (kg m/s) Ft = change in (mv)
53
Change in momentum
Force = Change in mass x velocity / change in time F=mv/t
54
Change in momentum
F=P/T Force = Change in Momentum / Change in time Ft=change in (mv)
55
Momentum
P=MV Momentum = Mass x Velocity
56
Moments
Moment(Nm) = force(N) x perpendicular distance (m) from the pivot M=Fd
57
Hooke’s Law
Spring constant(N/cm) = Force/Load(N) / extension(cm) K = F/X
58
Equilibrium
Anti-clockwise moment = clockwise moment for equilibrium
59
Acceleration
F = ma Force = Mass x Acceleration (m/s^2)
60
Density
Density = Mass / volume D = M/ V 1g/cm^3 = 1000kg/m^3
61
Mass,Weight,Gravitational Field Strength
Gravitational Field Strength(N/kg) = weight(N) / mass(kg) W=mg g=W/m
62
Acceleration
Acceleration = change in velocity/change in time Acceleration is the change in velocity over time
63
Speed
Average speed = total distance / total time taken