Equality rights

Question 1

Formal equality

Answer 1

equality of opportunity

classic liberal approach

Question 2

Substance equality

Answer 2

equality of outcome

Marxism/Communism/Socialism

Question 3

Individual approach to discrimination

Answer 3

• key idea is that only those individuals victimized by specific acts of discrimination are entitled to a remedy, remedy comes from the discriminator
o example: you get fired from your job because of your religion

Question 4

Collective approach to discrimination

Answer 4

because of more impersonal forces, idea of accumulated disadvantages
o example: African American in US, more systematic things like underfunded education, rules that basically discourage certain types of career

Question 5

Merit

Answer 5

• starts with principles: societies goods should be distributed according to merit, merit is randomly distributed across society, no group is inherently more able than others,
o distribution of goods is not given by merit (things like jobs, education), idea that qualifications are not being distributed randomly (barriers to education, job experience),

Question 6

Criticism of individual approach

Answer 6

it ignores the systemic issues

Question 7

Criticisms of collective approach

Answer 7

its under-inclusive, in other words some individuals who are not part of a targeted group may have a lot of disadvantages at birth (example; white rural poor)
Its overbroad, some people in targeted groups are not very disadvantaged

Question 8

s. 15 of the Charter

Answer 8

• Contains 3 sets of declarations
• Identifies 4 different kinds of equality
• Every individual is equal before and under the law
• Everyone has the right to equal protection and benefit of the law without discrimination
• Lists prohibited grounds of dsicimination: race, nationality, ehtnicicty, religion, sex, age, mental or physical disability