Eqrvui Flashcards
What is an aqueous solution?
The mixture made by adding a soluble substance to water
Aqueous solutions are commonly used in chemical reactions and processes.
Define an atom.
The smallest part of an element that can still be recognised as that element
Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons (which equals the number of electrons) in an atom
It is sometimes called the proton number.
What is a balanced symbol equation?
A symbol equation in which there are equal numbers of each type of atom on either side of the equation
This is important for obeying the law of conservation of mass.
What is a biofuel?
Fuel made from animal or plant products
Biofuels are considered renewable energy sources.
Define chromatography.
The process whereby small amounts of dissolved substances are separated by running a solvent along a material such as absorbent paper
This technique is commonly used in laboratories for separating mixtures.
What is a compound?
A substance made when two or more elements are chemically bonded together
Compounds have different properties than the individual elements that compose them.
What is an electron?
A tiny particle with a negative charge that orbits the nucleus of atoms or ions in shells
Electrons play a key role in chemical bonding.
What is electronic structure?
A set of numbers to show the arrangement of electrons in their shells (or energy levels)
This determines how an atom interacts with other atoms.
Define an element.
A substance made up of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down chemically into any simpler substance
Elements are the building blocks of matter.
What is a group in the periodic table?
All the elements in the columns (labelled 1 to 7 and 0) in the periodic table
Elements in the same group often exhibit similar chemical properties.
What is an ion?
A charged particle produced by the loss or gain of electrons
Ions can be positively charged (cations) or negatively charged (anions).
Define an isotope.
Atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
What is the law of conservation of mass?
The total mass of the products formed in a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants
This principle is fundamental in chemistry.
What is the mass number?
The number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
The mass number helps determine the isotope of an element.
What is a neutron?
A dense particle found in the nucleus of an atom that is electrically neutral, carrying no charge
Neutrons contribute to the mass of the atom.
Define noble gases.
The very unreactive gases found in Group 0 of the periodic table with very stable electronic structures
Common noble gases include helium, neon, and argon.
What is the nucleus of an atom?
The very small and dense central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons
The nucleus is responsible for most of the atom’s mass.
What is the periodic table?
An arrangement of elements in the order of their atomic numbers, forming groups and periods
The periodic table organizes elements based on their chemical properties.
