Eq4 And Eq5

Question 1

What is discharge?

Answer 1

Discharge is the amount of water in the river.

Question 2

What is vertical erosion?

Answer 2

Vertical erosion is when there is more gravitational pull

Question 3

In what part of a rivers course is there the most discharge?

Answer 3

In the upper course

Question 4

In what part of the rivers course is the discharge the highest?

Answer 4

In the lower course

Question 5

How are valley sides broken down?

Answer 5

By weathering, including freeze thaw and biological both being present.

Question 6

Where are steep sided and narrow v shaped valleys created typically?

Answer 6

In upland rivers.

Question 7

How are waterfalls formed?

Answer 7

When a layer of more resistant rock( hard rock) is on a layer of less resistant rock( soft rock), the soft rock erodes at a faster rate, by abrasion. Water spins around at the bottom, and creates a plunge pool. As the hard rock overhangs, it eventually breaks and erodes the soft rock back even more, as a result a water fall is formed, eroding upstream forming a steep sided valley called a gorge.

Question 8

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 8

water hitting the river bed and wearing it away.

Question 9

What is attrition?

Answer 9

Material rubbed against the bed wearing them away.

Question 10

What is solution?

Answer 10

Acidic water that can dissolve rock.

Question 11

What is attrition?

Answer 11

Sediment hitting each other and breaking it down further.

Question 12

Example of physical of weathering

Answer 12

Freeze thaw

Question 13

Example of chemical weathering

Answer 13

Acid rain

Question 14

Example of biological weathering

Answer 14

Vegitation

Question 15

List the parts of a drainage basin, ( there are 5)

Answer 15

Source
Watershed
Mouth
Confluence
Tributary

Question 16

What is soil creep?

Answer 16

Particles of soil that move down a slope due to gravity.

Question 17

What is slumping?

Answer 17

Slope becomes steeper and material slides downwards, rotating as it does so.

Question 18

Does river discharge increase or decrease downstream

Answer 18

Increase

Question 19

Does the channel width increase or decrease downstream

Answer 19

Increase

Question 20

Does the channel depth increase or decrease downstream

Answer 20

Increase

Question 21

Does the velocity increase or decrease downstream

Answer 21

Increase

Question 22

Does the sediment load size increase or decrease downstream

Answer 22

Increase

Question 23

Does the sediment roughness increase or decrease downstream

Answer 23

Decrease

Question 24

Does the slope steepness increase or decrease downstream

Answer 24

Decrease

Question 25

What is a meander?

Answer 25

A meander is a bend in the river

Question 26

Parts on a hydrograph

Answer 26

``` Peak rainfall Peak discharge Lag time rising limb Falling limb Flashy hydrograph ```

Question 27

What is peak rainfall

Answer 27

When the heaviest rainfall occured

Question 28

What is peak discharge

Answer 28

The time with the highest river discharge

Question 29

What is Lag time

Answer 29

The time taken between the peak rainfall and the peak discharge

Question 30

What is the rising limb

Answer 30

The river level rising

Question 31

What is the falling limb

Answer 31

The river level falling

Question 32

What is a flashy hydrograph

Answer 32

A hydrograph that responds quickly with rainwith a high peak and a short lag time

Question 33

Human affects on the drainage basin

Answer 33

Urbanisation Deforestation im Impermeable rock Change of land use

Question 34

Physical affects on the drainage basin

Answer 34

Saturated soils Steep relief High amount of rainfall

Question 35

Temperature affecting rainfall

Answer 35

Warmer weather holds more moisture in the air which leads to more extreme rainfall