EQ3 ; Hazard Management

Question 1

What are the 4 approaches to hazard management?

Answer 1

Modifying the hazard event
Modifying the resilience and vulnerability
Modifying the loss
Modifying the cause

Question 2

What is the framework for modifying the loss?

Answer 2

Aid is vital for poor people

Insurance is more useful for people in richer communities and countries

Question 3

What’s the framework for modifying the vulnerability?

Answer 3

Prediction and warning
Community preparedness
Education to change behaviour and prevent hazards from lapsing into disasters

Question 4

What’s the framework for modifying the event?

Answer 4

Further environmental control
Hazard avoidance by land use zoning
Hazard resistant design
Engineering defences useful for coastal tsunami risk
Retrofitting of hones is possible for protection

Question 5

What’s the framework for modifying the cause?

Answer 5

Environmental control
Hazard prevention
Only really possible for small scale hazards (landslides)

Question 6

identify the four stages in parks model of the disaster response curve.

Answer 6

pre-disaster , relief , rehabilitation , reconstruction

Question 7

Give an example for how modifying the event has been used for earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanoes.

Answer 7

eq’s - resistant buildings, land-use zoning
Tsunami’s - sea-walls, buffer zones
volcanoes - lava diversion, chilling lava-flows

Question 8

give an example of how buffer zones can be used for modifying the hazard event

Answer 8

the great asian tsunami 2004, science indicated that fewer ppl might’ve died if coasts had been protected by mangroves or other types of dense coastal forest.

Question 9

give an e.g of how lava chilling has been used to modify a hazard event

Answer 9

1973 volcanic eruption on the island of Heimaey off the SW coast of iceland , lava flow headed towards the fishing port and harbour, ppl sprayed sea water onto lava to slow movement via chilling and more than 30km pipeline pumped water onto the lava.

Question 10

what are the 3 approaches that can be used to modify vulnerability and resilience?

Answer 10

• prediction, forecasting and warnings
• improvements in community preparedness
• working with groups and individuals to change behaviours

Question 11

why is prediction, forecasting and warnings useful during past hazard events?

Answer 11

for disaster preparation and management
for e.g ; Tsunami warning system- composed of a netqork of sensors used to detect tsunami’s in advance and has a communications infrastructure to quickly issue alerts to allow evacuation of the coastal areas to prevent loss of life and damage to movable possessions