EQ2 of carbon cycle

Question 1

Define:
Renewable,
Recyclable,
Primary,
Secondary

Answer 1

Renewable= Resources capable of natural regeneration giving continuous flows of energy.
Recyclable= Can be continuously used but must first go through a process to prepare for reuse.
Primary= Any source of energy captured directly from nature e.g wind
Secondary= Any source of energy obtained from a primary source through a transformation e.g crude oil to petrol

Question 2

Energy security

Answer 2

The ability of a nantion to secure sufficient, affordable and consistent energy supplies for its domestic, industrial, transport and military requirements.

Question 3

Short term energy security

Answer 3

The ability of a country to meet sudden changes in demand

Question 4

Long term energy security

Answer 4

Investing in projects that might be needed for future economic development.

Question 5

3 things to have energy security

Answer 5

1. Reliable supply
2. Affordable supply
3. Accessible supply

Question 6

Access to and consumption of energy resources depends on:

Answer 6

1. Physical availability
   -energy infrastructure
   -physical terrain
   -political tensions
   -natural hazards
2. Cost
   -Limited supply of non renewable energy makes it more difficult and expensive to extract
   -cost of building new energy infrastructure
3. Technology
   -new forms of technology are being developed to find long term solutions to energy security e.g carbon capture
   -investment in renewable energy
4. Economic development
   -some developing countries may have the energy sources but cannot afford to extract or distribute them to homes

Question 7

Energy players: TNCs

Answer 7

Most energy TNCs are involved in all stages of production
Can choose how much to charge for energy and whether to vary their prices for different consumers
Price war can start between different TNCs

Question 8

Energy players: OPEC

Answer 8

Group of 13 countries that work together to influence the global supply and price of oil
They control around 80% of worlds oil reserves and produce 32 million barrels of crude oil daily.
Claim to stabilise the oil market and that their income from oil is not influenced by supply or demand
They may do this by holding oil back from the market to ensure the price remains high.

Question 9

Energy players: Consumers

Answer 9

Least influence
Influence energy demand they have little power over the prices they pay. As lifestyle changes, consumers may require more or less energy to maintain their way of life.
Some consumers choose energy suppliers who use renewable sources
May form environmental groups to protest

Question 10

Energy players: Governments

Answer 10

Governments initiate trade deals with other countries to secure reliable, low priced energy
They will invest in national energy infrastructure projects
Form political alliances with countries or groups eg OPEC to ensure supplies are not controlled by war
Encourage people to use energy more efficiently through national campaigns