EQ2

Question 1

How does Aik saath resolve local cultural issues?

Answer 1

Brings together Muslim and Hindu groups
Teaching people to come together and look beyond race and religion

Question 2

What is it like living in the immigration town?

Answer 2

Trading estate
Lots of migration
1.4% of unemployment
Local people are not in favor of migration
White flight is happening

Question 3

Why are perceptions of urban areas dangerous in terms of their location (Economic) and (Social) affects?

Answer 3

Economic
Disconnected, lack of TNC investment
Low environmental quality
Poor education as a result of investment

Social
Located close to Newnham, high crime rates

Question 4

Why are perception of urban areas dangerous in terms of the people (Economic) and (Social)?

Answer 4

Economic
If they are seen as undesirable, there will be a lack of investment, as seen in Mile End
Growing Asian population, may be causing white flight, which causes a fall in house prices

Social
Largely segregated, high Bengalis Muslim population, tensions with other groups
High crime rates, lack of integration, spiral of decline

Question 5

What factors shape our urban reality (perception)?

Answer 5

Environmental quality
Crime rates
House prices
Media representation
Ethnic tensions

Question 6

What factors can change our urban reality?

Answer 6

Political (lack of investment Mile End, ethnic tensions and lack of control Belfast, inwards migration Germany)

Economic (lack of education, lack of investment in the area, lack of visitors)

Environmental (isolated, lack of transport infrastructure)

Social (inwards migration creating job shortages, tensions between ethnic groups)

Question 7

Why are more people moving to the Suburbs?

Answer 7

Families move as a result of counterurbanisation
Elderly people move for retirements
Residential areas

Question 8

Why do people move to the cities?

Answer 8

Recent graduates
City life
They want a busy life
Access to amenities
Job opportunities

Question 9

What is a suburb?

Answer 9

The outskirts of a city

Question 10

Why are suburbs seen as desirable or undesirable?

Answer 10

DESIRABLE
Ethnically diverse
Job opportunities
Car friendly, good roads and infrastructure
Close proximity to schools
Not that many cultural or religious amenities

UNDESIRABLE
Redevelopment may destroy fields and the environment
Fast growth
High population density
Middle class
Not enough infrastructure to keep up with the demands of growth

Question 11

Why may people be against moving to Croydon (suburb)?

Answer 11

Rents are too high
Low house prices (lack of investment)
High crime rates
Poor lived environment

Question 12

Who perceives suburbs positively and negatively?

Answer 12

POSITIVE
Families (safer, less crime, quiet, easier to study, access to recreational activities)

NEGATIVE
Existing residents may be concerned by the loss of identity, pollution and congestion
Immigrant groups (unwelcoming, ethnically seggregated)

Question 13

Counterurbanisation

Answer 13

Older adults moving to the suburbs and rural areas

Question 14

SE Drift

Answer 14

Younger, educated, wealthier migrants move to the South for longer life expectancy
More student housing, small apartments, private schools, shops

Question 15

Why can the UK be perceived as a nice place for immigrants?

Answer 15

INTERNAL
SE drift provides better housing, education and cultural amenities
Aik saath bringing religious groups together

EXTERNAL
Minorities move in to bridge header communities
Southall is described to be “little India”

Question 16

Why is the UK not the best place for immigrants?

Answer 16

INTERNAL
Moving to the North, less diverse, more homogenous, more racism
Inner city tensions (Germany)

EXTERNAL
EDL (against assimilation, violent hate crimes)
Stereotypical perceptions of migrants (Germany)

Question 17

Reasons for hyper seggregation of the African American community in the USA

Answer 17

White flight
Ethnic clustering
Government policy (majority decisions controlling minority behaviour)

Question 18

What is ghettoization and how is it related to hyperseggregation?

Answer 18

When African American members moved into an area
White people moved out
Due to white flight
This caused a fall in house prices
Left with a concentration of African American migrants

Question 19

Centralization

Answer 19

The number or percentages of ethnically diverse in the Centre of an urban area

Question 20

Why is Southall a distinctly diverse area?

Answer 20

Large existing asian population
35% Sikh population
Described as little India
All radio broadcasts and newspapers featured in lots of languages except English

Question 21

How have migrants shaped Southall?

Answer 21

They arrived and worked in factories
South Asian population grew (due to proximity of Heathrow, other existing migrants, high fertility rates)
10 Gurdwaras in Southall
The railways station signs are bilingual
One of the largest south asian shopping chains
Punjabi community beginning to move outwards to Harrow, Hayes and other Thames valley towns

Question 22

Explain the cultural continuum and attitudes towards migration

Answer 22

Melting pot - open to all migration
Pluralism - EU is open to migrants practicing their own religions
Citizenship testing - UK citizens point systems
Assimilation - Everyone should be the same (France)
Internet censorship - China fire wall
Religious intolerance - Lack of religious freedoms Iran (Sharia Law)
Closed door migration - Complete bans on immigration in a country

Question 23

Is tension within a diverse place inevitable or can it be prevented?

Answer 23

INEVITABLE
Political clash (EDL)
Local tension (migration Germany)
Demographics of the population (younger people more open to change)

PREVENTABLE
Melting pot and hybrid communities are likely to embrace change
Slough is immigration town, embraces change
Diasporas and remote communities may stick together Bengali Muslims in London
Some communities are able to collectively resist (Hasidic Jewish population)

Question 24

How have the experiences of Jewish people changed over time?

Answer 24

They have grown their own pluralistic community, they stick together and have formed a diaspora, there are 250,000 of them concentrated in one area, over time they have gained confidence and become financially successful,

Question 25

Benefits of the ERUV for Jewish people

Answer 25

They are able to move freely on the Sabbath, they are concentrated together in one area, they are exempt from Jewish law

Question 26

How have intergenerational attitudes towards diversity changed over time?

Answer 26

More people identifying as mixed race
More people embracing their own culture
There is more consensus that identity and culture is changeable and not fixed

Question 27

How have changes to land use in Tottenham caused tensions?

Answer 27

New design companies are taking apprentices from local schools to plan change, brain drain, as more people begin to move out

Potential threat of loss of traditional businesses, as new investment opportunities, in the peacock industrial estate create over 5000 new jobs

10,000 new homes around Tottenham Hale, high house prices, may be unaffordable for existing residents, as they are lower and middle working class residents

Question 28

What are the different types of conflict that can be caused as a result of land use changes?

Answer 28

Priorities - profits for TNCs at the cost of locals
Political - national gvt prevent strategy tries to reduce racism
Economic - Local funding for youth centers has been cut
Social - housing shortages, and lack of funding
Tourism - unpredictable and low paid

Question 29

How have migrants adapted to Dewsbury and what has occurred as a result of this for existing migrants?

Answer 29

WHAT HAPPENED
The Western shops have closed down
The huge local mosque is run by the Deobandis which are a powerful sect of Islam
A sharia court operates to support the Muslim women in divorce and matrimonial disputes
Boys are able to walk in Islamic robes
Muslim women do not speak English
Hard working newcomers brought their own homes, opened shops, that sold prayer mats

HOW DID THIS EFFECT EXISITING LOCALS
48 out of 4033 people are white British
Non Muslim residents are regularly targeted to sell their houses

Question 30

Why may there be conflict with stakeholders involved in demographic and cultural change?

Answer 30

DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE
Long term residents
- Dewsbury, experiencing white flight, led to hyperseggregation, as 48 out of 4033 people are now white British
- Younger migrants are moving in to areas, and taking their jobs as seen in Germany
- Russian Oligarchs are moving into wealthy parts of London and reclaiming wealthy housing

Newer residents
- Evesham attracts seasonal workers, fruit pickers for agriculture, they dont speak English, and can be subject to exploitation by businesses
- Cornwall, people are coming for tourism and seasonal jobs, when they leave there is a decline in the service and public sectors

CULTURAL CHANGE
LT
- Derry is a hybrid community, more open to migration as it is the most diverse part of Ireland, underlying concerns of Sectarian violence
- Elderly people want to protect their cultures, certain areas have their own languages to allow this

ST
- Southall, mixed population, there may be tension between the 22% white population and the migrants
- Jewish Eruvim may experience tensions and conflicts, with other preexisting groups, threats of anti semitisim, EDL etc