EQ1 - Impacts of Globalisation on Migration

Question 1

What is migration WITHIN countries called?

Answer 1

Internal migration

Question 2

What is migration BETWEEN countries called?

Answer 2

International migration

Question 3

What example supports that migration is not necessarily a consequence of globalisation?

Answer 3

The rise in trade between the UK + India (due to TNCs and outsourcing) has seen a decline in migration between them

Question 4

What example suggests that migration has been increased due to globalisation?

Answer 4

Modern transport allows more efficient Labour flows - e.g young Australians travel to the UK for work

Question 5

Most international migration is from continent to continent - true or false?

Answer 5

False - international migration is usually regionalised (e.g Mexico to USA, Poland to Germany)

Question 6

What is a national ‘core-periphery’ system?

Answer 6

The uneven distrubution of people and wealth between 2 or more regions of a country

Question 7

How do ‘core’ areas originate?

Answer 7

Originate to natural advantages such as having a coastline or raw materials

Question 8

What are backwash effects?

Answer 8

Where flows of people, investment and resources from peripheral to core regions

Responsible for the disparities in regional prosperity within the same country

Question 9

What was the 1978 policy that caused huge backwash in China?

Answer 9

Open Door Policy (1978)

Encouraged rural-urban migration like never previously experienced

Question 10

What % of China’s population lived in cities, pre-1978 vs 2020s

Answer 10

20% (1978) - 55% (2020s)

Question 11

Why did the relocation of 400m rural people to Chinese cities attract huge Foreign Direct Investment?

Answer 11

It created a large and modestly priced labour force compared to western standards - encouraged outsourcing

Question 12

Which coastal province in South-Eastern China received 20.5m migrants (more than Romania’s entire population) ?

Answer 12

Gunagdong

Question 13

What example of ‘core-periphery’ migration can be seen an international scale?

Answer 13

The EU Schengen Zone

Question 14

In what year did the Schengen agreement remove most borders within the EU?

Answer 14

1995 - the UK chose to retain full control of their borders

Question 15

How does the Schengen Zone make border crossing more efficient?

Answer 15

Means that passports don’t have to be shown at borders

Question 16

How does the Schengen zone encourage movement of labour?

Answer 16

Any EU citizen can freely relocate to where labour is most in demand

Question 17

Where is the EU ‘core’ region?

Answer 17

Benelux, Germany and Northern France

Question 18

Where do EU ‘core’ regions mostly attract labour from and why is this harmful?

Answer 18

Eastern and Southern Europe, leads to a ‘brain drain’

Question 19

Why do EU ‘core’ cities such as Paris, Brussels and Berlin attract migration from ‘periphery’ areas?

Answer 19

They are international cities with opportunities in high-paying sectors such as finance and law

Question 20

Why has the growth of nationalistic movements occurred in the EU?

Answer 20

Fears of terrorism and uncontrollable refugee movement

Question 21

What % of the global population live outside their country of birth?

Answer 21

3-4%

Question 22

What 2 examples of emerging cities have started to function as global immigration hubs?

Answer 22

Mumbai (India) and Lagos (Nigeria)

This has changed from the dominance of places such as New York and Paris in the 1990s

Question 23

What are the leading nations for international migrants (2013)?

Answer 23

1. USA (45m)
2. Germany (10m)
3. Saudi Arabia (9m)

The USA has seen 10m new international migrants since 2000

Question 24

What % of Japan’s population is foreign or foreign-born, despite its emergence as a global hub since the 1960s?

Answer 24

2%

Question 25

What is the name of the famously hard Japanese citizenship test with less than 1% success rate?

Answer 25

The ‘pass-or-go-home’ test

Question 26

Why do many believe Japan will soon have to loosen their immigration policy?

Answer 26

They have an ageing population, with 3 workers per 2 retirees by 2060

Question 27

What is the name of the points-based system introduced in Australia recently for economic migrants?

Answer 27

The Migration Programme

Question 28

How many economic migrants were granted access to Australia in 2013?

Answer 28

190,000 - including the families of the skilled foreign workers already in Australia

Question 29

What did the ‘White Australia’ migration policy pre-1973 refer to?

Answer 29

The fact that migrants were selected largely on a racial and ethnic basis

Question 30

How has the city-state of Singapore been aided by its liberal immigration rules?

Answer 30

1. It has become the 4th largest financial centre
2. Many TNCs have their Asia-pacific headquarters there (e.g Credit Suisse)